NUR 376 Pathophysiology Exam 1 2026
Exam Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Latest Update
Brian, age 28, began an aerobic exercise program 2 years ago. Brian now
competes in long-distance cycling events and considers himself to be an
endurance athlete who is in the "best shape of his life." An echocardiogram
reveals a slightly enlarged left ventricle. What cellular change or injury that
is best exemplified by the case scenario. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Physiologic
hypertrophy
,An ADAPTIVE type of hypertrophy that occurs due to extensive exercise,
whereby the heart will create new blood vessel branches (angiogenesis)
and there is increased mitochondria, ATP, and actin/myosin filaments in the
muscle.
Recently, Karen learned that not only does HIV directly attack CD4 cells,
but the presence of the virus seems to activate pathways responsible for
programmed cell death in CD4 cells. Thus, HIV infection appears to
increase the rate of "suicide" for CD4 cells. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Apoptosis
Define dysplasia - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Compared to normal cells, cells
demonstrating dysplasia are atypical in size and shape. Dysplasia does not
mean the cells are cancerous. However, some screening tests, such as the
Pap smear, examine tissues to determine if any cellular changes are taking
place. Any changes in the cells can then be monitored over time.
A biopsy of a skin lesion is conducted on Leann, a 48-year-old woman.
Biopsy results revealed proliferating cells that were well-differentiated and
resembled surrounding cells. The cells were contained within a well-defined
area. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Benign neoplasia.
,Neoplasia is uncontrolled and unregulated cell growth. The mass of tissue
resulting is known as a "neoplasm." In a benign neoplasm, the cells do not
have the characteristics associated with malignancy. The cells, although
cancerous, are well-differentiated, meaning they resemble normal, mature
cells. The cells are also in a contained area and are unlikely to spread.
Miguel, a retired warehouse supervisor, had a myocardial infarction.
Further evaluation revealed he had significant blockage in his left
descending coronary artery. The blockage resulted in ischemia and cell
death for those cells served by the artery. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Necrosis
Necrosis is premature cell death caused by cell injury. Necrosis differs from
apoptosis, in that the cellular destruction results from some form of trauma,
rather than genetic programming. May lead to GANGRENE which is when
dead tissue houses bacteria.
Julianne, who suffers from familial hypercholesterolemia, presents with
xanthomas. Xanthomas are excess cholesterol deposits, which appear as
yellow skin lesions. What cell process is this - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Intracellular
accumulation.
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, Some disease processes stimulate intracellular accumulations of particles,
such as calcium, cholesterol, and triglycerides, glucose, among other
substances. In familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic defect causes
decreased cellular uptake of cholesterol, resulting in high serum cholesterol
levels. Cholesterol deposits, known as xanthomas, may appear to form
under the skin.
Janae experienced a frightening ATV accident, in which her ATV flipped
over and she ended up catching a portion of her upper arm on a barbed
wire fence. Although Janae's injuries healed fully, enlarged, keloid scar
formations remain at the injury site. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Hyperplasia
cell proliferation, known as hyperplasia, was stimulated as a result of her
injury. A keloid results from overgrowth of granulation tissue during the
wound repair process.
Hypertension that leads to workload on the left ventricle and thus
enlargement would be deemed? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Pathological
hypertrophy.
Exam Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Latest Update
Brian, age 28, began an aerobic exercise program 2 years ago. Brian now
competes in long-distance cycling events and considers himself to be an
endurance athlete who is in the "best shape of his life." An echocardiogram
reveals a slightly enlarged left ventricle. What cellular change or injury that
is best exemplified by the case scenario. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Physiologic
hypertrophy
,An ADAPTIVE type of hypertrophy that occurs due to extensive exercise,
whereby the heart will create new blood vessel branches (angiogenesis)
and there is increased mitochondria, ATP, and actin/myosin filaments in the
muscle.
Recently, Karen learned that not only does HIV directly attack CD4 cells,
but the presence of the virus seems to activate pathways responsible for
programmed cell death in CD4 cells. Thus, HIV infection appears to
increase the rate of "suicide" for CD4 cells. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Apoptosis
Define dysplasia - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Compared to normal cells, cells
demonstrating dysplasia are atypical in size and shape. Dysplasia does not
mean the cells are cancerous. However, some screening tests, such as the
Pap smear, examine tissues to determine if any cellular changes are taking
place. Any changes in the cells can then be monitored over time.
A biopsy of a skin lesion is conducted on Leann, a 48-year-old woman.
Biopsy results revealed proliferating cells that were well-differentiated and
resembled surrounding cells. The cells were contained within a well-defined
area. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Benign neoplasia.
,Neoplasia is uncontrolled and unregulated cell growth. The mass of tissue
resulting is known as a "neoplasm." In a benign neoplasm, the cells do not
have the characteristics associated with malignancy. The cells, although
cancerous, are well-differentiated, meaning they resemble normal, mature
cells. The cells are also in a contained area and are unlikely to spread.
Miguel, a retired warehouse supervisor, had a myocardial infarction.
Further evaluation revealed he had significant blockage in his left
descending coronary artery. The blockage resulted in ischemia and cell
death for those cells served by the artery. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Necrosis
Necrosis is premature cell death caused by cell injury. Necrosis differs from
apoptosis, in that the cellular destruction results from some form of trauma,
rather than genetic programming. May lead to GANGRENE which is when
dead tissue houses bacteria.
Julianne, who suffers from familial hypercholesterolemia, presents with
xanthomas. Xanthomas are excess cholesterol deposits, which appear as
yellow skin lesions. What cell process is this - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Intracellular
accumulation.
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Some disease processes stimulate intracellular accumulations of particles,
such as calcium, cholesterol, and triglycerides, glucose, among other
substances. In familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic defect causes
decreased cellular uptake of cholesterol, resulting in high serum cholesterol
levels. Cholesterol deposits, known as xanthomas, may appear to form
under the skin.
Janae experienced a frightening ATV accident, in which her ATV flipped
over and she ended up catching a portion of her upper arm on a barbed
wire fence. Although Janae's injuries healed fully, enlarged, keloid scar
formations remain at the injury site. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Hyperplasia
cell proliferation, known as hyperplasia, was stimulated as a result of her
injury. A keloid results from overgrowth of granulation tissue during the
wound repair process.
Hypertension that leads to workload on the left ventricle and thus
enlargement would be deemed? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Pathological
hypertrophy.
