WGU D115 Advanced Pathophysiology Objective
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1. Genes are best described as:
A. Structures that package DNA
B. Basic units of inheritance composed of DNA
C. Nitrogenous bases
D. Paired chromosomes
Correct Answer: B. Basic units of inheritance composed of DNA
Explanation: Genes contain instructions that determine inherited traits.
2. Chromosomes are:
A. Single strands of RNA
B. Proteins that regulate transcription
C. Structures that contain genes
D. Enzymes used in replication
Correct Answer: C. Structures that contain genes
Explanation: Chromosomes organize and package DNA within the nucleus.
3. Which nitrogenous bases are found in DNA?
A. Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine
B. Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
,C. Cytosine, Uracil, Guanine, Thymine
D. Adenine, Thymine, Uracil, Guanine
Correct Answer: B. Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
Explanation: DNA contains A, T, C, and G; A pairs with T and C pairs with G.
4. DNA replication occurs by:
A. Random base pairing
B. Transcription
C. Complementary base pairing
D. RNA translation
Correct Answer: C. Complementary base pairing
Explanation: Each original strand serves as a template for a new strand.
5. DNA polymerase functions to:
A. Separate DNA strands
B. Bind transcription factors
C. Add nucleotides and proofread DNA
D. Translate mRNA
Correct Answer: C. Add nucleotides and proofread DNA
Explanation: DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA and corrects errors.
6. Transcription factors are proteins that:
A. Replicate DNA
B. Bind RNA
C. Regulate gene expression
D. Break down nucleotides
,Correct Answer: C. Regulate gene expression
Explanation: They bind to DNA to control when and how genes are transcribed.
7. How many chromosome pairs do humans normally have?
A. 22
B. 23
C. 46
D. 44
Correct Answer: B. 23
Explanation: Humans have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.
8. Down syndrome is caused by:
A. Monosomy X
B. Deletion of chromosome 5
C. Trisomy 21
D. Duplication of chromosome 13
Correct Answer: C. Trisomy 21
Explanation: An extra copy of chromosome 21 causes Down syndrome.
9. Cri du Chat syndrome results from:
A. Trisomy 18
B. Deletion of genetic material
C. Extra Y chromosome
D. Point mutation
Correct Answer: B. Deletion of genetic material
Explanation: Loss of part of chromosome 5 causes the characteristic features.
, 10. Pedigree charts are used to:
A. Diagnose chromosomal deletions
B. Sequence DNA
C. Analyze inheritance patterns
D. Identify mutations
Correct Answer: C. Analyze inheritance patterns
Explanation: Pedigrees track genetic traits through generations.
11. Sex determination in humans depends on:
A. X chromosome only
B. Mitochondrial DNA
C. Presence of the SRY gene
D. Hormone levels
Correct Answer: C. Presence of the SRY gene
Explanation: The SRY gene on the Y chromosome triggers male development.
12. Multifactorial diseases are caused by:
A. A single gene mutation
B. Environmental factors only
C. Multiple genes and environmental factors
D. Chromosomal deletions
Correct Answer: C. Multiple genes and environmental factors
Explanation: Conditions like hypertension and diabetes have complex causes.
13. A key feature of multifactorial inheritance is:
A. Equal risk in all relatives
B. Higher recurrence with more affected family members
Assessment Comprehensive Resource To Help You
Ace 2026-2027 Includes Frequently Tested
Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!!
Current Update!!
1. Genes are best described as:
A. Structures that package DNA
B. Basic units of inheritance composed of DNA
C. Nitrogenous bases
D. Paired chromosomes
Correct Answer: B. Basic units of inheritance composed of DNA
Explanation: Genes contain instructions that determine inherited traits.
2. Chromosomes are:
A. Single strands of RNA
B. Proteins that regulate transcription
C. Structures that contain genes
D. Enzymes used in replication
Correct Answer: C. Structures that contain genes
Explanation: Chromosomes organize and package DNA within the nucleus.
3. Which nitrogenous bases are found in DNA?
A. Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine
B. Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
,C. Cytosine, Uracil, Guanine, Thymine
D. Adenine, Thymine, Uracil, Guanine
Correct Answer: B. Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
Explanation: DNA contains A, T, C, and G; A pairs with T and C pairs with G.
4. DNA replication occurs by:
A. Random base pairing
B. Transcription
C. Complementary base pairing
D. RNA translation
Correct Answer: C. Complementary base pairing
Explanation: Each original strand serves as a template for a new strand.
5. DNA polymerase functions to:
A. Separate DNA strands
B. Bind transcription factors
C. Add nucleotides and proofread DNA
D. Translate mRNA
Correct Answer: C. Add nucleotides and proofread DNA
Explanation: DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA and corrects errors.
6. Transcription factors are proteins that:
A. Replicate DNA
B. Bind RNA
C. Regulate gene expression
D. Break down nucleotides
,Correct Answer: C. Regulate gene expression
Explanation: They bind to DNA to control when and how genes are transcribed.
7. How many chromosome pairs do humans normally have?
A. 22
B. 23
C. 46
D. 44
Correct Answer: B. 23
Explanation: Humans have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.
8. Down syndrome is caused by:
A. Monosomy X
B. Deletion of chromosome 5
C. Trisomy 21
D. Duplication of chromosome 13
Correct Answer: C. Trisomy 21
Explanation: An extra copy of chromosome 21 causes Down syndrome.
9. Cri du Chat syndrome results from:
A. Trisomy 18
B. Deletion of genetic material
C. Extra Y chromosome
D. Point mutation
Correct Answer: B. Deletion of genetic material
Explanation: Loss of part of chromosome 5 causes the characteristic features.
, 10. Pedigree charts are used to:
A. Diagnose chromosomal deletions
B. Sequence DNA
C. Analyze inheritance patterns
D. Identify mutations
Correct Answer: C. Analyze inheritance patterns
Explanation: Pedigrees track genetic traits through generations.
11. Sex determination in humans depends on:
A. X chromosome only
B. Mitochondrial DNA
C. Presence of the SRY gene
D. Hormone levels
Correct Answer: C. Presence of the SRY gene
Explanation: The SRY gene on the Y chromosome triggers male development.
12. Multifactorial diseases are caused by:
A. A single gene mutation
B. Environmental factors only
C. Multiple genes and environmental factors
D. Chromosomal deletions
Correct Answer: C. Multiple genes and environmental factors
Explanation: Conditions like hypertension and diabetes have complex causes.
13. A key feature of multifactorial inheritance is:
A. Equal risk in all relatives
B. Higher recurrence with more affected family members
