WGU D115 Advanced Pathophysiology Objective
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1. Which factors increase the risk for prostate cancer?
Answer: Age, family history, race, genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA2)
2. What is Peyronie disease?
Answer: A progressive, nonmalignant disorder of the penis causing abnormal curvature
during erection due to fibrous scar tissue.
3. What is the hallmark pathological finding in Peyronie disease?
Answer: Tunical fibrosis of the corpora cavernosa with plaque formation.
4. Which symptoms occur during the acute stage of Peyronie disease?
Answer: Progressive penile deformity and pain in both erect and flaccid states.
5. Which symptoms characterize the chronic phase of Peyronie disease?
Answer: Stable deformity, symptom plateau for 3–6 months, and resolution of pain.
6. What are the physical examination findings in epididymitis?
Answer: Unilateral scrotal pain, tenderness along the posterior/superior epididymis,
erythema, and edema.
7. What is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain?
Answer: Epididymitis due to retrograde urine flow.
8. What is priapism?
Answer: A prolonged penile erection lasting ≥4 hours without sexual arousal.
9. What are common causes of priapism?
Answer: Idiopathic, spinal cord trauma, sickle cell disease, leukemia, penile trauma,
cocaine use.
, 10. What treatments may be used for priapism?
Answer: Needle aspiration, iced saline enemas, anesthesia, ketamine, and surgical
intervention.
11. Which factors increase the risk of bacterial prostatitis?
Answer: Immunocompromised state, phimosis, STIs, UTIs, indwelling catheter, BPH,
diabetes.
12. What are common symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
Answer: Urinary retention, delayed initiation, weak stream, urinary urgency and
frequency.
13. What is the normal adult prostate size?
Answer: 20–25 g or 30–40 mL.
14. What are typical presenting signs of testicular cancer?
Answer: Painless testicular enlargement, palpable mass, heaviness, dull abdominal ache.
15. Which age group is most commonly affected by testicular cancer?
Answer: Ages 15–35 years.
16. What emergency condition is associated with testicular torsion?
Answer: Twisting of the spermatic cord causing compromised blood supply.
17. What is the definitive treatment for testicular torsion?
Answer: Surgical intervention within 6 hours if manual detorsion fails.
18. What is the primary role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Answer: Regulation of water balance via renal water reabsorption.
19. What is SIADH?
Answer: Excessive ADH secretion despite low plasma osmolality.
20. What type of hyponatremia is caused by SIADH?
Answer: Euvolemic (dilutional) hyponatremia.
21. What are clinical signs of hyponatremia in SIADH?
Answer: Fluid overload, concentrated urine, low serum sodium.
22. What does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?
Answer: Increases serum calcium via bone resorption and renal reabsorption.
23. What is the primary function of insulin?
Answer: Promotes glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue.
Assessment Comprehensive Resource To Help You
Ace 2026-2027 Includes Frequently Tested
Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!!
Current Update!!
1. Which factors increase the risk for prostate cancer?
Answer: Age, family history, race, genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA2)
2. What is Peyronie disease?
Answer: A progressive, nonmalignant disorder of the penis causing abnormal curvature
during erection due to fibrous scar tissue.
3. What is the hallmark pathological finding in Peyronie disease?
Answer: Tunical fibrosis of the corpora cavernosa with plaque formation.
4. Which symptoms occur during the acute stage of Peyronie disease?
Answer: Progressive penile deformity and pain in both erect and flaccid states.
5. Which symptoms characterize the chronic phase of Peyronie disease?
Answer: Stable deformity, symptom plateau for 3–6 months, and resolution of pain.
6. What are the physical examination findings in epididymitis?
Answer: Unilateral scrotal pain, tenderness along the posterior/superior epididymis,
erythema, and edema.
7. What is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain?
Answer: Epididymitis due to retrograde urine flow.
8. What is priapism?
Answer: A prolonged penile erection lasting ≥4 hours without sexual arousal.
9. What are common causes of priapism?
Answer: Idiopathic, spinal cord trauma, sickle cell disease, leukemia, penile trauma,
cocaine use.
, 10. What treatments may be used for priapism?
Answer: Needle aspiration, iced saline enemas, anesthesia, ketamine, and surgical
intervention.
11. Which factors increase the risk of bacterial prostatitis?
Answer: Immunocompromised state, phimosis, STIs, UTIs, indwelling catheter, BPH,
diabetes.
12. What are common symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
Answer: Urinary retention, delayed initiation, weak stream, urinary urgency and
frequency.
13. What is the normal adult prostate size?
Answer: 20–25 g or 30–40 mL.
14. What are typical presenting signs of testicular cancer?
Answer: Painless testicular enlargement, palpable mass, heaviness, dull abdominal ache.
15. Which age group is most commonly affected by testicular cancer?
Answer: Ages 15–35 years.
16. What emergency condition is associated with testicular torsion?
Answer: Twisting of the spermatic cord causing compromised blood supply.
17. What is the definitive treatment for testicular torsion?
Answer: Surgical intervention within 6 hours if manual detorsion fails.
18. What is the primary role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Answer: Regulation of water balance via renal water reabsorption.
19. What is SIADH?
Answer: Excessive ADH secretion despite low plasma osmolality.
20. What type of hyponatremia is caused by SIADH?
Answer: Euvolemic (dilutional) hyponatremia.
21. What are clinical signs of hyponatremia in SIADH?
Answer: Fluid overload, concentrated urine, low serum sodium.
22. What does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?
Answer: Increases serum calcium via bone resorption and renal reabsorption.
23. What is the primary function of insulin?
Answer: Promotes glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue.
