BIOLOGY 1108 FINAL EXAMS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔Class Malacostraca - ✔✔Crabs, shrimp, lobster, crayfish, woodlice
✔✔Class Maxillopoda - ✔✔Barnacles
✔✔Subphylum Hexapod/ Class Insecta - ✔✔Insecta characterized by three segments
✔✔Protostomes - ✔✔Mouth forms first, spiral cleavage, cell type determined early in
development. Made up of Lophotrochozoas and Ecdysozoas.
✔✔Dueterostomes - ✔✔Anus forms first
✔✔Enchinoderms - ✔✔sea stars, sea urchins, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, sea lilies.
Rube feet, deuterostome, unsegmented. entirely marine
✔✔Agnatha/Hagfish - ✔✔Class myxini. Two rows of keratine 'teeth.' Slime defense.
Scavenger
✔✔Chondrichcytes - ✔✔Cartilaginous Fish. aka sharks and rays, entirely predatory
✔✔Osteichthyes - ✔✔Bony Fish. two main groups, ray-finned fish or lobe finned fish
✔✔Actinopterygiians - ✔✔Ray-finned fish. lungs evolved into gas bladder to help
control buoyancy
✔✔Sarcopterygii - ✔✔Lobe Finned fleshy fish. Bones in fin bases extending out form
the body
✔✔Amphibians - ✔✔Rely on free water for reproduction
✔✔Reptilia - ✔✔Amniotes with keratin scales. Scales are modified epidermis
✔✔Ectotherm - ✔✔Rely on environment and behavior for heat
✔✔Endotherm - ✔✔Use internal metabolic heat to sustain internal temperature
✔✔Matrotrophy - ✔✔Direct nourishment of embryo by mother
✔✔Marsupials - ✔✔Have a placenta but give birth early in development
✔✔Eutherians - ✔✔more complex placenta and are more developed at birth
, ✔✔Behavior - ✔✔Any action by an organism, usually a response to a stimulus. Part of
the Phenotype
✔✔Tinbergens Questions about behavior - ✔✔Causation (what caused it), development
(how did the behavior develop), adaptive function (how does promote its ability to
survive), evolutionary history (how did this evolve over time).
✔✔Fixed Action Pattern - ✔✔sequence of unlearned behaviors that is essentially
unchangeable. Automatic reaction to a stimulus that causes a sequences of behaviors
that is followed through to completion.
✔✔Feature Detectors - ✔✔Specialized sensory receptors or groups of sensory
receptors that respond to important signals in the environment.
✔✔Learning - ✔✔Experience that leads to changes in behavior
✔✔Non-associative Learning - ✔✔Learning that occurs in the absence of any particular
outcome.
✔✔Habituation - ✔✔reduction of a response due to a repeatedly presented stimulus
✔✔Sensitization - ✔✔enhancement of a response that is achieved by presenting a
strong or novel stimulus first. (non associative)
✔✔Associative learning/conditioning - ✔✔occurs when an animal links two events
✔✔Kinesis - ✔✔Random, undirected movements in response to a stimulus
✔✔Taxis - ✔✔movements in a specific direction in response to a stimulus.
✔✔Circadian Clocks - ✔✔regulate many daily rhythms in animals
✔✔Migration - ✔✔the long-distance movement of a population associated with the
change of seasons/resources
✔✔Completed communication - ✔✔Must be sent, heard, and responded to/acted on
✔✔Altruistic behavior - ✔✔decrease the fitness of the organism exhibiting the behavior
and increase the fitness of the recipient
✔✔Group Selection - ✔✔natural selectio operating on individuals is a less powerful
force than another form of selection that operates on groups. Can be overthrown by
selfish behaviors.
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔Class Malacostraca - ✔✔Crabs, shrimp, lobster, crayfish, woodlice
✔✔Class Maxillopoda - ✔✔Barnacles
✔✔Subphylum Hexapod/ Class Insecta - ✔✔Insecta characterized by three segments
✔✔Protostomes - ✔✔Mouth forms first, spiral cleavage, cell type determined early in
development. Made up of Lophotrochozoas and Ecdysozoas.
✔✔Dueterostomes - ✔✔Anus forms first
✔✔Enchinoderms - ✔✔sea stars, sea urchins, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, sea lilies.
Rube feet, deuterostome, unsegmented. entirely marine
✔✔Agnatha/Hagfish - ✔✔Class myxini. Two rows of keratine 'teeth.' Slime defense.
Scavenger
✔✔Chondrichcytes - ✔✔Cartilaginous Fish. aka sharks and rays, entirely predatory
✔✔Osteichthyes - ✔✔Bony Fish. two main groups, ray-finned fish or lobe finned fish
✔✔Actinopterygiians - ✔✔Ray-finned fish. lungs evolved into gas bladder to help
control buoyancy
✔✔Sarcopterygii - ✔✔Lobe Finned fleshy fish. Bones in fin bases extending out form
the body
✔✔Amphibians - ✔✔Rely on free water for reproduction
✔✔Reptilia - ✔✔Amniotes with keratin scales. Scales are modified epidermis
✔✔Ectotherm - ✔✔Rely on environment and behavior for heat
✔✔Endotherm - ✔✔Use internal metabolic heat to sustain internal temperature
✔✔Matrotrophy - ✔✔Direct nourishment of embryo by mother
✔✔Marsupials - ✔✔Have a placenta but give birth early in development
✔✔Eutherians - ✔✔more complex placenta and are more developed at birth
, ✔✔Behavior - ✔✔Any action by an organism, usually a response to a stimulus. Part of
the Phenotype
✔✔Tinbergens Questions about behavior - ✔✔Causation (what caused it), development
(how did the behavior develop), adaptive function (how does promote its ability to
survive), evolutionary history (how did this evolve over time).
✔✔Fixed Action Pattern - ✔✔sequence of unlearned behaviors that is essentially
unchangeable. Automatic reaction to a stimulus that causes a sequences of behaviors
that is followed through to completion.
✔✔Feature Detectors - ✔✔Specialized sensory receptors or groups of sensory
receptors that respond to important signals in the environment.
✔✔Learning - ✔✔Experience that leads to changes in behavior
✔✔Non-associative Learning - ✔✔Learning that occurs in the absence of any particular
outcome.
✔✔Habituation - ✔✔reduction of a response due to a repeatedly presented stimulus
✔✔Sensitization - ✔✔enhancement of a response that is achieved by presenting a
strong or novel stimulus first. (non associative)
✔✔Associative learning/conditioning - ✔✔occurs when an animal links two events
✔✔Kinesis - ✔✔Random, undirected movements in response to a stimulus
✔✔Taxis - ✔✔movements in a specific direction in response to a stimulus.
✔✔Circadian Clocks - ✔✔regulate many daily rhythms in animals
✔✔Migration - ✔✔the long-distance movement of a population associated with the
change of seasons/resources
✔✔Completed communication - ✔✔Must be sent, heard, and responded to/acted on
✔✔Altruistic behavior - ✔✔decrease the fitness of the organism exhibiting the behavior
and increase the fitness of the recipient
✔✔Group Selection - ✔✔natural selectio operating on individuals is a less powerful
force than another form of selection that operates on groups. Can be overthrown by
selfish behaviors.
