SOUTH AFRICAN AIR LAW PPL
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026
◉ flight manual. Answer: Flight manual means a manual, associated
with the certificate of airworthiness, containing limitations within
which the aircraft may be considered airworthy, and instructions
and information necessary to the flight crew members for the safe
operation of the aircraft:
◉ flight plan;. Answer: Flight plan means specified information that
is required under the rules to be provided to an ATS unit or to a
flight following service regarding an intended flight, or portion of a
flight, of an aircraft:
◉ flight time;. Answer: Flight time means— (1) for an aircraft other
than a balloon, the total time from the moment an aircraft first
moves for the purpose of flight until the moment it comes to rest at
the end of the flight including any associated push back, taxiing and
subsequent holding time; and (2) for a balloon, the total time from
burner on for the purpose of inflation for flight until the envelope is
completely deflated at the end of a flight:
◉ height;. Answer: Height means the vertical distance of a level, a
point, or an object considered as a point, measured from a specified
datum and includes the vertical dimension of an object:
,◉ incident;. Answer: Incident means any occurrence, other than an
accident, that is associated with the operation of an aircraft and
affects or could affect the safety of operation:
◉ landing area; (. Answer: Part of movement area intended for
landing or take off of aircraft
◉ night;. Answer: Night means the hours between— (1) the end of
evening civil twilight, which is when the centre of the setting sun's
disc is 6 degrees below the horizon; and
(2) the beginning of morning civil twilight, which is when the centre
of the rising sun's disc is 6 degrees below the horizon:
◉ NOTAM;. Answer: NOTAM means a notice distributed by means of
telecommunication containing information concerning the
establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility,
service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is
essential to personnel concerned with flight operations:
◉ passenger;. Answer: Passenger in relation to an aircraft, means
any person carried by the aircraft, other than a crew member:
◉ PLB. Answer: Personal locator beacon means an equipment that
broadcasts a distinctive signal on a designated radio frequency to
,facilitate a search and rescue operation, is designed to be carried on
a person, and is manually activated:
◉ pilot-in-command;. Answer: Pilot-in-command, in relation to any
aircraft, means the pilot responsible for the operation and safety of
the aircraft:
◉ rating;. Answer: Rating means an authorisation entered on, or
associated with, a licence, certificate, or logbook, and forming part of
it, stating special conditions, privileges, or limitations relating to the
licence or certificate:
◉ SARTIME;. Answer: SARTIME means the time nominated by a
pilot for the initiation of alerting action
◉ simultaneous operations;. Answer: Operations using parallel
runways where both may be in use at one time, in accordance with:
A) uncontrolled aerodrome - simultaneous independent operations,
displacement between centre lines not less than 210m
B) controlled aerodrome -
i) independent: centre line not less than 210m and grass not less
than 165m edge to edge
ii) dependent: sequencing or staggering operations to avoid side by
side flight
, iii) segregated: departure on one runway and arrival on the other
one
◉ take-off weight;. Answer: Take-off weight means the weight of the
aeroplane at the commencement of the take-off run and includes
everything and everyone carried in or on the aeroplane at the
commencement of the take-off run:
◉ threshold;. Answer: Threshold means that point where a 1:20
obstacle-free approach surface intersects the runway surface.
◉ Technical Instructions;. Answer: Technical Instructions means
ICAO Document 9284 Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport
of Dangerous Goods by Air approved and published by decision of
the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organisation under
Annex 18 of the Convention:
◉ type;. Answer: Type— (1) in relation to the licensing of aviation
personnel means all aircraft of the same basic design, including all
modifications thereto except those modifications which result in a
significant change in handling or flight characteristics; or
(2) in relation to the certification of aircraft, aircraft engines, or
propellers, means those aircraft, aircraft engines or propellers which
are similar in design:
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026
◉ flight manual. Answer: Flight manual means a manual, associated
with the certificate of airworthiness, containing limitations within
which the aircraft may be considered airworthy, and instructions
and information necessary to the flight crew members for the safe
operation of the aircraft:
◉ flight plan;. Answer: Flight plan means specified information that
is required under the rules to be provided to an ATS unit or to a
flight following service regarding an intended flight, or portion of a
flight, of an aircraft:
◉ flight time;. Answer: Flight time means— (1) for an aircraft other
than a balloon, the total time from the moment an aircraft first
moves for the purpose of flight until the moment it comes to rest at
the end of the flight including any associated push back, taxiing and
subsequent holding time; and (2) for a balloon, the total time from
burner on for the purpose of inflation for flight until the envelope is
completely deflated at the end of a flight:
◉ height;. Answer: Height means the vertical distance of a level, a
point, or an object considered as a point, measured from a specified
datum and includes the vertical dimension of an object:
,◉ incident;. Answer: Incident means any occurrence, other than an
accident, that is associated with the operation of an aircraft and
affects or could affect the safety of operation:
◉ landing area; (. Answer: Part of movement area intended for
landing or take off of aircraft
◉ night;. Answer: Night means the hours between— (1) the end of
evening civil twilight, which is when the centre of the setting sun's
disc is 6 degrees below the horizon; and
(2) the beginning of morning civil twilight, which is when the centre
of the rising sun's disc is 6 degrees below the horizon:
◉ NOTAM;. Answer: NOTAM means a notice distributed by means of
telecommunication containing information concerning the
establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility,
service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is
essential to personnel concerned with flight operations:
◉ passenger;. Answer: Passenger in relation to an aircraft, means
any person carried by the aircraft, other than a crew member:
◉ PLB. Answer: Personal locator beacon means an equipment that
broadcasts a distinctive signal on a designated radio frequency to
,facilitate a search and rescue operation, is designed to be carried on
a person, and is manually activated:
◉ pilot-in-command;. Answer: Pilot-in-command, in relation to any
aircraft, means the pilot responsible for the operation and safety of
the aircraft:
◉ rating;. Answer: Rating means an authorisation entered on, or
associated with, a licence, certificate, or logbook, and forming part of
it, stating special conditions, privileges, or limitations relating to the
licence or certificate:
◉ SARTIME;. Answer: SARTIME means the time nominated by a
pilot for the initiation of alerting action
◉ simultaneous operations;. Answer: Operations using parallel
runways where both may be in use at one time, in accordance with:
A) uncontrolled aerodrome - simultaneous independent operations,
displacement between centre lines not less than 210m
B) controlled aerodrome -
i) independent: centre line not less than 210m and grass not less
than 165m edge to edge
ii) dependent: sequencing or staggering operations to avoid side by
side flight
, iii) segregated: departure on one runway and arrival on the other
one
◉ take-off weight;. Answer: Take-off weight means the weight of the
aeroplane at the commencement of the take-off run and includes
everything and everyone carried in or on the aeroplane at the
commencement of the take-off run:
◉ threshold;. Answer: Threshold means that point where a 1:20
obstacle-free approach surface intersects the runway surface.
◉ Technical Instructions;. Answer: Technical Instructions means
ICAO Document 9284 Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport
of Dangerous Goods by Air approved and published by decision of
the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organisation under
Annex 18 of the Convention:
◉ type;. Answer: Type— (1) in relation to the licensing of aviation
personnel means all aircraft of the same basic design, including all
modifications thereto except those modifications which result in a
significant change in handling or flight characteristics; or
(2) in relation to the certification of aircraft, aircraft engines, or
propellers, means those aircraft, aircraft engines or propellers which
are similar in design:
