BIOL 2117 STUDY GUIDE 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔The WHO only monitors the prevalence of infectious diseases around the world.
Answers:
True
False - ✔✔False
✔✔Which of the following is not an example of evidence used by John Snow to
determine that cholera was being transmitted by water in London in the 1800s?
Answers:
a high frequency of cholera cases located near a water pump on Broad Street
beer workers not contracting cholera because they drank beer rather than water
microscopic examination of water
waste and sewage being dumped into the Thames River - ✔✔mircoscopic examination
of water
✔✔Robert Koch was the first to conclusively determine the causative agent of which
disease?
Answers:
anthrax
gonorrhea
syphilis
tuberculosis - ✔✔anthrax
✔✔Tuberculosis is typically transmitted via which of the following?
Answers:
air
food
sexual activity
water - ✔✔air
✔✔Which of the following statements about quarantine is false?
Answers:
Patients may be released from quarantine if preventive treatment can be administered.
Public health authorities can quarantine patients for any diseases.
Quarantine facilities can be equipped with special air-handling methods such as HEPA
filters.
Quarantine times depend on the incubation period of the disease. - ✔✔Public health
authorities can quarantine patients for any diseases.
✔✔Which agency monitors notifiable diseases in the United States?
Answers:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Environmental Protection Agency
,Food and Drug Administration
Homeland Security - ✔✔CDC
✔✔You wish to determine if a new drug can cure individuals with colds caused by
rhinoviruses. You invite 50 individuals to participate in the study. Using a double-blind
approach, 25 individuals get a sugar pill and 25 get the test drug. Based on this
description, which type of study was conducted?
Answers:
case-control
cohort method
cross-sectional
experimental - ✔✔experimental
✔✔Which researcher required that surgeons should use a 5% carbolic acid solution to
clean surgical tools as a way to prevent the spread of disease?
Answers:
Alexander Fleming
Robert Koch
Joseph Lister
John Snow - ✔✔Joseph Lister
✔✔Nosocomial infections can be acquired in hospital settings.
Answers:
True
False - ✔✔true
✔✔Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of listeriosis, can pass through the
blood-placenta barrier to infect a fetus. This type of transmission to the fetus is known
as which of the following?
Answers:
droplet
horizontal direct contact
indirect contact
vertical direct contact - ✔✔vertical direct contact
✔✔Which is the transmission mechanism for West Nile Virus?
Answers:
body-fluid contact
droplets
fomite
vector - ✔✔VECTOR
✔✔Which type of studies gathers data from past cases to study present-day cases?
Answers:
descriptive
,experimental
perspective
retrospective - ✔✔retrospective
✔✔SARS first occurred in ________, before becoming a(n) ________ disease. Choose
the correct pair from the following.
Answers:
China, endemic
China, pandemic
Ireland, endemic
Ireland, pandemic - ✔✔China, pandemic
✔✔Which of the following is true about modern emerging diseases?
Answers:
Malaria is an example of an emerging disease.
They are diseases that increase in frequency after a period of decline.
They are diseases that the WHO has classified as being poorly understood.
They occur in both developing and developed countries. - ✔✔They occur in both
developing and developed countries.
✔✔Which of the following lists in the correct order the events of acute inflammation after
tissue injury?
Answers:
altered function, edema, pain, heat, erythema
erythema, edema, heat, pain, altered function
heat, pain, edema, erythema, altered function
heat, pain, erythema, altered function, edema, - ✔✔erythema, edema, heat, pain,
altered function
✔✔Which is the best term to describe the process that occurs when an immune cell
releases cytokines to nearby cells to trigger a response?
Answers:
autocrine
endocrine
hormonal
paracrine - ✔✔paracrine
✔✔What is sebum?
Answers:
a watery, salty liquid that inhibits bacterial growth
an oily substance released from sebaceous glands that contributes to defense
proteins that are involved in bacterial cell division
visible accumulation of leukocytes, cell debris, and bacteria at the site of infection -
✔✔an oily substance released from sebaceous glands that contributes to defense
, ✔✔Which of the following leukocytes is an agranulocyte?
Answers:
basophil
eosinophil
monocyte
neutrophil - ✔✔monocyte
✔✔Which of the following leukocytes is used for protection against protozoa and
helminths?
Answers:
basophil
eosinophil
monocyte
neutrophil - ✔✔eosinophil
✔✔Which bacterium is able to invade sweat glands of the skin and can use lipase to
degrade sebum?
Answers:
Bacteroides
Propionibacterium
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus - ✔✔Propionibacterium
✔✔What is pus?
Answers:
a watery, salty liquid that inhibits bacterial growth
an oily substance released from sebaceous glands that contributes to defense
proteins that are involved in bacterial cell division
visible accumulation of leukocytes, cell debris, and bacteria at the site of infection -
✔✔visible accumulation of leukocytes, cell debris, and bacteria at the site of infection
✔✔Which part of the brain controls body temperature?
Answers:
brain stem
cerebellum
hypothalamus
thalamus - ✔✔hypothalamus
✔✔Which of the following describes the differentiation of stem cells into various blood
cells?
Answers:
autopoiesis
biopoiesis
galactopoiesis
hematopoiesis - ✔✔hematopoiesis
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔The WHO only monitors the prevalence of infectious diseases around the world.
Answers:
True
False - ✔✔False
✔✔Which of the following is not an example of evidence used by John Snow to
determine that cholera was being transmitted by water in London in the 1800s?
Answers:
a high frequency of cholera cases located near a water pump on Broad Street
beer workers not contracting cholera because they drank beer rather than water
microscopic examination of water
waste and sewage being dumped into the Thames River - ✔✔mircoscopic examination
of water
✔✔Robert Koch was the first to conclusively determine the causative agent of which
disease?
Answers:
anthrax
gonorrhea
syphilis
tuberculosis - ✔✔anthrax
✔✔Tuberculosis is typically transmitted via which of the following?
Answers:
air
food
sexual activity
water - ✔✔air
✔✔Which of the following statements about quarantine is false?
Answers:
Patients may be released from quarantine if preventive treatment can be administered.
Public health authorities can quarantine patients for any diseases.
Quarantine facilities can be equipped with special air-handling methods such as HEPA
filters.
Quarantine times depend on the incubation period of the disease. - ✔✔Public health
authorities can quarantine patients for any diseases.
✔✔Which agency monitors notifiable diseases in the United States?
Answers:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Environmental Protection Agency
,Food and Drug Administration
Homeland Security - ✔✔CDC
✔✔You wish to determine if a new drug can cure individuals with colds caused by
rhinoviruses. You invite 50 individuals to participate in the study. Using a double-blind
approach, 25 individuals get a sugar pill and 25 get the test drug. Based on this
description, which type of study was conducted?
Answers:
case-control
cohort method
cross-sectional
experimental - ✔✔experimental
✔✔Which researcher required that surgeons should use a 5% carbolic acid solution to
clean surgical tools as a way to prevent the spread of disease?
Answers:
Alexander Fleming
Robert Koch
Joseph Lister
John Snow - ✔✔Joseph Lister
✔✔Nosocomial infections can be acquired in hospital settings.
Answers:
True
False - ✔✔true
✔✔Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of listeriosis, can pass through the
blood-placenta barrier to infect a fetus. This type of transmission to the fetus is known
as which of the following?
Answers:
droplet
horizontal direct contact
indirect contact
vertical direct contact - ✔✔vertical direct contact
✔✔Which is the transmission mechanism for West Nile Virus?
Answers:
body-fluid contact
droplets
fomite
vector - ✔✔VECTOR
✔✔Which type of studies gathers data from past cases to study present-day cases?
Answers:
descriptive
,experimental
perspective
retrospective - ✔✔retrospective
✔✔SARS first occurred in ________, before becoming a(n) ________ disease. Choose
the correct pair from the following.
Answers:
China, endemic
China, pandemic
Ireland, endemic
Ireland, pandemic - ✔✔China, pandemic
✔✔Which of the following is true about modern emerging diseases?
Answers:
Malaria is an example of an emerging disease.
They are diseases that increase in frequency after a period of decline.
They are diseases that the WHO has classified as being poorly understood.
They occur in both developing and developed countries. - ✔✔They occur in both
developing and developed countries.
✔✔Which of the following lists in the correct order the events of acute inflammation after
tissue injury?
Answers:
altered function, edema, pain, heat, erythema
erythema, edema, heat, pain, altered function
heat, pain, edema, erythema, altered function
heat, pain, erythema, altered function, edema, - ✔✔erythema, edema, heat, pain,
altered function
✔✔Which is the best term to describe the process that occurs when an immune cell
releases cytokines to nearby cells to trigger a response?
Answers:
autocrine
endocrine
hormonal
paracrine - ✔✔paracrine
✔✔What is sebum?
Answers:
a watery, salty liquid that inhibits bacterial growth
an oily substance released from sebaceous glands that contributes to defense
proteins that are involved in bacterial cell division
visible accumulation of leukocytes, cell debris, and bacteria at the site of infection -
✔✔an oily substance released from sebaceous glands that contributes to defense
, ✔✔Which of the following leukocytes is an agranulocyte?
Answers:
basophil
eosinophil
monocyte
neutrophil - ✔✔monocyte
✔✔Which of the following leukocytes is used for protection against protozoa and
helminths?
Answers:
basophil
eosinophil
monocyte
neutrophil - ✔✔eosinophil
✔✔Which bacterium is able to invade sweat glands of the skin and can use lipase to
degrade sebum?
Answers:
Bacteroides
Propionibacterium
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus - ✔✔Propionibacterium
✔✔What is pus?
Answers:
a watery, salty liquid that inhibits bacterial growth
an oily substance released from sebaceous glands that contributes to defense
proteins that are involved in bacterial cell division
visible accumulation of leukocytes, cell debris, and bacteria at the site of infection -
✔✔visible accumulation of leukocytes, cell debris, and bacteria at the site of infection
✔✔Which part of the brain controls body temperature?
Answers:
brain stem
cerebellum
hypothalamus
thalamus - ✔✔hypothalamus
✔✔Which of the following describes the differentiation of stem cells into various blood
cells?
Answers:
autopoiesis
biopoiesis
galactopoiesis
hematopoiesis - ✔✔hematopoiesis
