, Cell structure
How prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells ?
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Prokaryotic cell cytoplasm contains no membrane bound organelles whereas eukaryotic cell contains membrane bound organelles .
-
Prokaryotic cell has no nucleus/contains free floating DNA whereas eukaryotic cell has a nucleus containing DNA
.
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Prokaryotic DNA is circular and isn't associated with proteins whereas eukaryotic DNA is linear and associated with proteins .
-
Prokaryotic cell wall contain murein and peptidoglycan whereas eukaryotic cell wall is made up of cellulose .
Prokaryotic have smaller whereas have
-
cells 70s ribosomes eukaryotic cells larger ribosomes .
- Prokaryotic cells may have one or more plasmid , a capsule , and /or one or more flagella compared to eukaryotic cells .
Eukaryotic cells
animal cells
-
plant cells
-
fungi
Prokaryotic cells
-Bacteria
and function of the of animal cells
structure organelles
cell-surface membrane
-
Formed from a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins .
Partially permeable controls what enter and leaves the cells.
-
-
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Barrier between internal and external environment of cell .
Nucleus
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Nucleus envelope
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separate the cytoplasm by a double membrane which has many pore .
-
Nucleus pores
-
are important channels for allowing mRNA and ribosomes to travel out of the nucleus , as well as allowing enzymes and signalling
molecules to travel in .
-
Nucleus contains chromatin (the material from which chromosomes are made) .
Nucleolus darkly stained regions are the sites of ribosome production (ribosomes are made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA) .
-
,
-
-
Controls the cells activity though transcription on mRNA .
Mitochondria
-
The site of aerobic respiration within erkaryotic cells
-
Surrounded by double-membrane with the inner membrane folded to form cristae
-
The matrix formed by the cristae contains enzymes needed foraerobic respiration , producing ATP
-
Small circular pieces of DNA (Mitochondria DNA) and ribosomes are also found in the matrix (needed for replication (
-
First stage of aerobic respiration ,
called Kreb cycle , take place in matrix
.
-
Final stage of aerobic respiration ,
oxidative phosphorylation , takes place on the membranes of the cristae .
Mitochondria contain ribosomes that smaller than those the (70s)
-
are in cytoplasm .
Chloroplast
-
Larger than mitochondria and surrounded by a double-membrane .
- Their background material is called stroma,
Thylakoids paired membranes
-
-
-
Grana-formed by thylakoids stack together . It contains chlorophyll ,
which absorbs energy from sunlight.
-
Grand are joined together by lamellae (thin and flat thylakoid membranes (
- Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis :
· The light-dependent stage takes place in the thylakoids
· The light-independent stage (Calvin cycle) takes place in the stroma
of DNA
-
Also contain small circular pieces and ribosomes used to
synthesis proteins needed in chloroplast replication and photosynthesis .
Ribosome
-
Found freely in the cytoplasm of all cells or as part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in
eukaryotic cells
-
Each ribosome is a complex of ribosomal RNA (URNA) and proteins
- 80s ribosomes /composed of 60s and 40s subunits) are found in eukaryotic cells
-
70s (composed of 50s and 30s subunits) ribosomes in prokaryotes ,
mitochodria and chloroplasts
-
Site of translation (protein synthesis (
How prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells ?
-
Prokaryotic cell cytoplasm contains no membrane bound organelles whereas eukaryotic cell contains membrane bound organelles .
-
Prokaryotic cell has no nucleus/contains free floating DNA whereas eukaryotic cell has a nucleus containing DNA
.
-
Prokaryotic DNA is circular and isn't associated with proteins whereas eukaryotic DNA is linear and associated with proteins .
-
Prokaryotic cell wall contain murein and peptidoglycan whereas eukaryotic cell wall is made up of cellulose .
Prokaryotic have smaller whereas have
-
cells 70s ribosomes eukaryotic cells larger ribosomes .
- Prokaryotic cells may have one or more plasmid , a capsule , and /or one or more flagella compared to eukaryotic cells .
Eukaryotic cells
animal cells
-
plant cells
-
fungi
Prokaryotic cells
-Bacteria
and function of the of animal cells
structure organelles
cell-surface membrane
-
Formed from a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins .
Partially permeable controls what enter and leaves the cells.
-
-
-
Barrier between internal and external environment of cell .
Nucleus
-
Nucleus envelope
-
separate the cytoplasm by a double membrane which has many pore .
-
Nucleus pores
-
are important channels for allowing mRNA and ribosomes to travel out of the nucleus , as well as allowing enzymes and signalling
molecules to travel in .
-
Nucleus contains chromatin (the material from which chromosomes are made) .
Nucleolus darkly stained regions are the sites of ribosome production (ribosomes are made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA) .
-
,
-
-
Controls the cells activity though transcription on mRNA .
Mitochondria
-
The site of aerobic respiration within erkaryotic cells
-
Surrounded by double-membrane with the inner membrane folded to form cristae
-
The matrix formed by the cristae contains enzymes needed foraerobic respiration , producing ATP
-
Small circular pieces of DNA (Mitochondria DNA) and ribosomes are also found in the matrix (needed for replication (
-
First stage of aerobic respiration ,
called Kreb cycle , take place in matrix
.
-
Final stage of aerobic respiration ,
oxidative phosphorylation , takes place on the membranes of the cristae .
Mitochondria contain ribosomes that smaller than those the (70s)
-
are in cytoplasm .
Chloroplast
-
Larger than mitochondria and surrounded by a double-membrane .
- Their background material is called stroma,
Thylakoids paired membranes
-
-
-
Grana-formed by thylakoids stack together . It contains chlorophyll ,
which absorbs energy from sunlight.
-
Grand are joined together by lamellae (thin and flat thylakoid membranes (
- Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis :
· The light-dependent stage takes place in the thylakoids
· The light-independent stage (Calvin cycle) takes place in the stroma
of DNA
-
Also contain small circular pieces and ribosomes used to
synthesis proteins needed in chloroplast replication and photosynthesis .
Ribosome
-
Found freely in the cytoplasm of all cells or as part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in
eukaryotic cells
-
Each ribosome is a complex of ribosomal RNA (URNA) and proteins
- 80s ribosomes /composed of 60s and 40s subunits) are found in eukaryotic cells
-
70s (composed of 50s and 30s subunits) ribosomes in prokaryotes ,
mitochodria and chloroplasts
-
Site of translation (protein synthesis (
