1/25/26, 1:44 PM NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam
NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Chamberlain
University-Illinois COMPLETE VERSION WITH UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE DETAILED ANSWERS\VERIFIEDC
100% GRADED A+
Acute renal failure
Reversible
Determining prognosis- kidneys respond to diuretic with good output;
this indicates that kidneys are functioning well
Acute Pyelonephritis
Diagnosing by clinical symptoms alone can be difficult; can be similar to
cystitis Diagnosis established by:
-Urine culture
-Urinalysis (WBC casts indicates pyelonephritis, but may not always be
present)
-Signs/Symptoms
-Complicated pyelonephritis requires blood cultures and urinary tract
imaging
/ 1/23
,1/25/26, 1:44 PM NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam
Renal Calculi (Renal Stones)
Goals of Treatment:
Manage acute pain
Promote passage of
stone Reduce size of
stone
Prevent new stone formation
Chronic Renal Failure
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of renal function
associated with systemic disease such as hypertension, diabetes
mellitus (most significant risk factor), systemic lupus erythematosus or
intrinsic kidney disease
CKD stage is determined by estimates of GFR and albuminuria
/ 2/23
, 1/25/26, 1:44 PM NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam
Who is a candidate for dialysis?
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the final stage of CKD with the number
one cause being diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension. At this
point, the patient is completely dependent on dialysis to survive.
CKD is classified into five stages and is based on the patient's GFR rather
than symptoms.
Patients will need dialysis when the following symptoms are present:
--Metabolic acidosis.
--Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia in the presence of EKG changes (peaked
T-waves) is an indication for dialysis. --Hyperkalemia by itself is not an
indication for dialysis.
--Drug toxicity: Drug toxicity due to the following drugs is an
indication for dialysis and include salicylates, Lithium, Isopropanol,
Methanol and Ethylene glycol).
--Fluid volume overload that is not responsive to diuretics.
--Uremic symptoms due to nitrogenous wastes in the blood stream.
Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia & Hypophosphatemia may be asymptomatic or
affected individuals may present with symptoms related to the
neuromuscular changes that include paresthesias and muscle
cramps
Patients with hypercalcemia can have low bone density that is most noted
in the distal one-third of the radius
/ 3/23
NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Chamberlain
University-Illinois COMPLETE VERSION WITH UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE DETAILED ANSWERS\VERIFIEDC
100% GRADED A+
Acute renal failure
Reversible
Determining prognosis- kidneys respond to diuretic with good output;
this indicates that kidneys are functioning well
Acute Pyelonephritis
Diagnosing by clinical symptoms alone can be difficult; can be similar to
cystitis Diagnosis established by:
-Urine culture
-Urinalysis (WBC casts indicates pyelonephritis, but may not always be
present)
-Signs/Symptoms
-Complicated pyelonephritis requires blood cultures and urinary tract
imaging
/ 1/23
,1/25/26, 1:44 PM NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam
Renal Calculi (Renal Stones)
Goals of Treatment:
Manage acute pain
Promote passage of
stone Reduce size of
stone
Prevent new stone formation
Chronic Renal Failure
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of renal function
associated with systemic disease such as hypertension, diabetes
mellitus (most significant risk factor), systemic lupus erythematosus or
intrinsic kidney disease
CKD stage is determined by estimates of GFR and albuminuria
/ 2/23
, 1/25/26, 1:44 PM NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam
Who is a candidate for dialysis?
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the final stage of CKD with the number
one cause being diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension. At this
point, the patient is completely dependent on dialysis to survive.
CKD is classified into five stages and is based on the patient's GFR rather
than symptoms.
Patients will need dialysis when the following symptoms are present:
--Metabolic acidosis.
--Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia in the presence of EKG changes (peaked
T-waves) is an indication for dialysis. --Hyperkalemia by itself is not an
indication for dialysis.
--Drug toxicity: Drug toxicity due to the following drugs is an
indication for dialysis and include salicylates, Lithium, Isopropanol,
Methanol and Ethylene glycol).
--Fluid volume overload that is not responsive to diuretics.
--Uremic symptoms due to nitrogenous wastes in the blood stream.
Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia & Hypophosphatemia may be asymptomatic or
affected individuals may present with symptoms related to the
neuromuscular changes that include paresthesias and muscle
cramps
Patients with hypercalcemia can have low bone density that is most noted
in the distal one-third of the radius
/ 3/23
