CNIT 315 FINAL EXAM 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔sentinel - ✔✔a data value used to signal either the start or end of a data series
(can't conflict with legitimate data values)
✔✔break - ✔✔forces an immediate exit from while, switch, for, and do-while statements
only
✔✔function prototype - ✔✔declaration statement for a function
✔✔true - ✔✔if the function prototype does not agree with data types specified when the
function is written, an error message will occur
✔✔pass by value - ✔✔when a function receives copies of the values in each argument
and must determine where to store them before it does anything else
✔✔stub - ✔✔the beginning of a final function, used as a placeholder until the final
function is completed
✔✔scaling - ✔✔the method for adjusting the random numbers produced by a random-
number generator to reside within a specified range
✔✔local scope - ✔✔a variable with a _______ has had storage set aside for it by a
declaration statement made within a function body
✔✔global scope - ✔✔a variable with ________ is one whose storage has been created
for it by a declaration statement located outside any function
✔✔storage class - ✔✔where and how long a variables storage locations are kept before
they are released can be determined by the ________ of the variable
✔✔auto - ✔✔-default class used by C
-storage for this type is automatically reserved each time a function declaring automatic
variables is called
✔✔static - ✔✔-a local variable declared as this causes the program to keep the variable
and its value even when the function that declared it is done
-remain in existence for the life of the program
-not initialized at runtime
✔✔register - ✔✔-high speed storage areas physically located in the computer's
processing unit
-should rarely be used
, -same time duration as automatic variables
✔✔true - ✔✔variables declared with the register storage class are automatically
switched to auto if the compiler does not support register variables or if the declared
register variables exceed the computer's register capacity
✔✔static or extern - ✔✔what global variables can be declared as
✔✔extern - ✔✔the purpose of this class is to extend the scope of a global variable
declared in one source code file into another source code file
✔✔false - ✔✔declaration statements containing the word extern create new storage
areas
✔✔static - ✔✔used to prevent the extension of a global variable into a second file
✔✔pass by reference - ✔✔passing an address; called function can reference or access
the variable using the passed address
✔✔pointer - ✔✔variable that can store an address
✔✔*numAddr - ✔✔means the variable whose address is stored in numAddr
✔✔recursive - ✔✔functions that call themselves
✔✔direct recursion - ✔✔when a function invokes itself
✔✔indirect or mutual recursion - ✔✔a function can invoke a second function, which in
turn invokes the first function
✔✔atomic variable - ✔✔variable whose value cannot be further subdivided into a built-
in data type (aka scalar variable)
✔✔data structure (aggregate data type) - ✔✔-its values can be decomposed into
individual data elements, each of which is either atomic or another data structure
-it provides an access scheme for locating individual data elements within the data
structure
✔✔one dimensional array - ✔✔list of values of the same data type stored using a single
group name
✔✔true - ✔✔the individual elements of all global and static arrays are by default set to 0
at compilation time
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔sentinel - ✔✔a data value used to signal either the start or end of a data series
(can't conflict with legitimate data values)
✔✔break - ✔✔forces an immediate exit from while, switch, for, and do-while statements
only
✔✔function prototype - ✔✔declaration statement for a function
✔✔true - ✔✔if the function prototype does not agree with data types specified when the
function is written, an error message will occur
✔✔pass by value - ✔✔when a function receives copies of the values in each argument
and must determine where to store them before it does anything else
✔✔stub - ✔✔the beginning of a final function, used as a placeholder until the final
function is completed
✔✔scaling - ✔✔the method for adjusting the random numbers produced by a random-
number generator to reside within a specified range
✔✔local scope - ✔✔a variable with a _______ has had storage set aside for it by a
declaration statement made within a function body
✔✔global scope - ✔✔a variable with ________ is one whose storage has been created
for it by a declaration statement located outside any function
✔✔storage class - ✔✔where and how long a variables storage locations are kept before
they are released can be determined by the ________ of the variable
✔✔auto - ✔✔-default class used by C
-storage for this type is automatically reserved each time a function declaring automatic
variables is called
✔✔static - ✔✔-a local variable declared as this causes the program to keep the variable
and its value even when the function that declared it is done
-remain in existence for the life of the program
-not initialized at runtime
✔✔register - ✔✔-high speed storage areas physically located in the computer's
processing unit
-should rarely be used
, -same time duration as automatic variables
✔✔true - ✔✔variables declared with the register storage class are automatically
switched to auto if the compiler does not support register variables or if the declared
register variables exceed the computer's register capacity
✔✔static or extern - ✔✔what global variables can be declared as
✔✔extern - ✔✔the purpose of this class is to extend the scope of a global variable
declared in one source code file into another source code file
✔✔false - ✔✔declaration statements containing the word extern create new storage
areas
✔✔static - ✔✔used to prevent the extension of a global variable into a second file
✔✔pass by reference - ✔✔passing an address; called function can reference or access
the variable using the passed address
✔✔pointer - ✔✔variable that can store an address
✔✔*numAddr - ✔✔means the variable whose address is stored in numAddr
✔✔recursive - ✔✔functions that call themselves
✔✔direct recursion - ✔✔when a function invokes itself
✔✔indirect or mutual recursion - ✔✔a function can invoke a second function, which in
turn invokes the first function
✔✔atomic variable - ✔✔variable whose value cannot be further subdivided into a built-
in data type (aka scalar variable)
✔✔data structure (aggregate data type) - ✔✔-its values can be decomposed into
individual data elements, each of which is either atomic or another data structure
-it provides an access scheme for locating individual data elements within the data
structure
✔✔one dimensional array - ✔✔list of values of the same data type stored using a single
group name
✔✔true - ✔✔the individual elements of all global and static arrays are by default set to 0
at compilation time
