CNIT 315 UPDATED 2026 EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔identifiers - ✔✔Consists of 3 types: reserved words, standard, programmer-created
✔✔standard identifiers - ✔✔-words predefined in C
-most are the names of functions that are provided in the C standard library
✔✔true - ✔✔it is good programming practice to use standard identifiers only for their
intended purpose
✔✔programmer created identifiers - ✔✔-selected by the programmer
-can be any combo of letters, digits, or underscores, starting with a letter or underscore
(no spaces or reserved words)
✔✔driver function - ✔✔what main function is sometimes referred to as
✔✔printf() - ✔✔formats data and sends it to the standard system display device
✔✔preprocessor - ✔✔what kind of command #include <stdio.h> is
✔✔data type - ✔✔set of values and a set of operations that can be applied to these
values
✔✔integer - ✔✔result of a mixed mode expression with both operands being integers
✔✔double precision - ✔✔result of a mixed mode expression with one operand being
real
✔✔double precision - ✔✔result of a floating-point expression
✔✔declaration statements - ✔✔naming and specifying the data type that can be stored
in each variable is accomplished using ___________
✔✔definition statements - ✔✔define or tell the compiler how much memory is needed
for data storage
✔✔4 bytes - ✔✔room reserved for an int
✔✔4 bytes - ✔✔room reserved for a floating-point number
✔✔8 bytes - ✔✔room reserved for a double-precision number
✔✔1 byte - ✔✔room reserved for a char
, ✔✔true - ✔✔the argument to sqrt must be floating-point value; passing an int will result
in a compiler error
✔✔literal data - ✔✔any data within a program that explicitly identifies itself
✔✔symbolic name - ✔✔defining a value once by equating the number to a ________
(#define SALESTAX 0.05)
✔✔# sign - ✔✔signal to a C preprocessor
✔✔1 (true) or 0 (false) - ✔✔what relational expressions evaluate to
✔✔short circuit evaluation - ✔✔the evaluation feature for the && and || operators that
makes the evaluation of an expression stop as soon as it is determined that an
expression is false is known as _________
✔✔counter controlled loop - ✔✔the condition is used to keep track of the number of
repetitions (aka fixed count loop)
✔✔condition controlled loop - ✔✔the tested condition does not depend on a count being
achieved, but rather on a specific value being encountered
✔✔sentinel - ✔✔a data value used to signal either the start or end of a data series
(can't conflict with legitimate data values)
✔✔break - ✔✔forces an immediate exit from while, switch, for, and do-while statements
only
✔✔function prototype - ✔✔declaration statement for a function
✔✔true - ✔✔if the function prototype does not agree with data types specified when the
function is written, an error message will occur
✔✔pass by value - ✔✔when a function receives copies of the values in each argument
and must determine where to store them before it does anything else
✔✔stub - ✔✔the beginning of a final function, used as a placeholder until the final
function is completed
✔✔scaling - ✔✔the method for adjusting the random numbers produced by a random-
number generator to reside within a specified range
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔identifiers - ✔✔Consists of 3 types: reserved words, standard, programmer-created
✔✔standard identifiers - ✔✔-words predefined in C
-most are the names of functions that are provided in the C standard library
✔✔true - ✔✔it is good programming practice to use standard identifiers only for their
intended purpose
✔✔programmer created identifiers - ✔✔-selected by the programmer
-can be any combo of letters, digits, or underscores, starting with a letter or underscore
(no spaces or reserved words)
✔✔driver function - ✔✔what main function is sometimes referred to as
✔✔printf() - ✔✔formats data and sends it to the standard system display device
✔✔preprocessor - ✔✔what kind of command #include <stdio.h> is
✔✔data type - ✔✔set of values and a set of operations that can be applied to these
values
✔✔integer - ✔✔result of a mixed mode expression with both operands being integers
✔✔double precision - ✔✔result of a mixed mode expression with one operand being
real
✔✔double precision - ✔✔result of a floating-point expression
✔✔declaration statements - ✔✔naming and specifying the data type that can be stored
in each variable is accomplished using ___________
✔✔definition statements - ✔✔define or tell the compiler how much memory is needed
for data storage
✔✔4 bytes - ✔✔room reserved for an int
✔✔4 bytes - ✔✔room reserved for a floating-point number
✔✔8 bytes - ✔✔room reserved for a double-precision number
✔✔1 byte - ✔✔room reserved for a char
, ✔✔true - ✔✔the argument to sqrt must be floating-point value; passing an int will result
in a compiler error
✔✔literal data - ✔✔any data within a program that explicitly identifies itself
✔✔symbolic name - ✔✔defining a value once by equating the number to a ________
(#define SALESTAX 0.05)
✔✔# sign - ✔✔signal to a C preprocessor
✔✔1 (true) or 0 (false) - ✔✔what relational expressions evaluate to
✔✔short circuit evaluation - ✔✔the evaluation feature for the && and || operators that
makes the evaluation of an expression stop as soon as it is determined that an
expression is false is known as _________
✔✔counter controlled loop - ✔✔the condition is used to keep track of the number of
repetitions (aka fixed count loop)
✔✔condition controlled loop - ✔✔the tested condition does not depend on a count being
achieved, but rather on a specific value being encountered
✔✔sentinel - ✔✔a data value used to signal either the start or end of a data series
(can't conflict with legitimate data values)
✔✔break - ✔✔forces an immediate exit from while, switch, for, and do-while statements
only
✔✔function prototype - ✔✔declaration statement for a function
✔✔true - ✔✔if the function prototype does not agree with data types specified when the
function is written, an error message will occur
✔✔pass by value - ✔✔when a function receives copies of the values in each argument
and must determine where to store them before it does anything else
✔✔stub - ✔✔the beginning of a final function, used as a placeholder until the final
function is completed
✔✔scaling - ✔✔the method for adjusting the random numbers produced by a random-
number generator to reside within a specified range
