ISTM 310 CORE EXAM 2026 SET QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Thin client - ✔✔places little or no application logic on the client (easier to manage)
✔✔Thicc-client - ✔✔places all or almost all of the application logic on the client
(software on all of the clients needs to be updated)
✔✔Software as a Service (SaaS) - ✔✔An organization outsources the entire application
to the cloud provider and uses it as any other application that is available via a browser
(thin client)
✔✔Platform as a Service (PaaS) - ✔✔You can build your own application and manage
your own data on the cloud infrastructure provided by a cloud supplier. Platform is
rented from the cloud provider as well. Organization manages the data and application
but uses the database software and operating system from the cloud provider
✔✔Infrastructure as a Service - ✔✔Cloud provider manages the hardware, including
servers, storage, and networking components. Organization is responsible for all the
software (Operating system, database software, applications, data).
✔✔Uniform Resource Locator - ✔✔specifics the Internet address of the Web server and
the directory and amen the specific page wanted.
✔✔Hypertext Transfer Protocol - ✔✔standard protocol for communication between a
Web browser and a Web server (Port 80)
✔✔404 Error - ✔✔A common website error message that indicates a webpage cannot
be found.
✔✔Internet Message Access Protocol - ✔✔Standard of communication between email
client and mail server. Email messages can remain stored on the mail server after they
are read (allows for transfer to other computers) (USES PORT 143)
✔✔User Datagram Protocol - ✔✔Used when the sender needs to send a single small
packet to the receiver (DNS, Voice over)
✔✔Protocol Data Unit - ✔✔contains information that is needed to transmit the message
through the network (otherwise known as packet)
✔✔TCP three-way handshake - ✔✔To establish a connection the transport layer on
both the sender and the receiver must send SYNs and ACKs. Client sends a SYN to the
server who responds with an ACK and then sends its own SYN
,✔✔Who assigns a MAC Address? - ✔✔Manufacturer
✔✔Subnet Mask - ✔✔Any portion of the IP address can be designated as a subnet by
using _____________
✔✔How do you resolve a server name? - ✔✔DNS
✔✔Sending an ARP is considered what kind of message - ✔✔Broadcast
✔✔Does a packet come to a router or a computer - ✔✔Router
✔✔Static Routing - ✔✔decentralized all computers or routers in the network make their
own routing decisions following a formal routing protocol
✔✔Dynamic Routing - ✔✔Decisions made in a decentralized manner by individual
computers. Used when there are multiple routes through a network and it is important to
select the best route.
✔✔Centralized Routing - ✔✔routing decisions made by one central computer or router.
Commonly used in host-based networks
✔✔What is the protocol for a ping? - ✔✔ICMP
✔✔Who makes most of the routers on the Internet? - ✔✔Cisco
✔✔What is a loopback address? - ✔✔127.0.01
✔✔Hypervisor - ✔✔controls which virtual machine gets which access to which hardware
✔✔Para-Virtualization - ✔✔Sorta like virtualization but performs better has a lower
compatibility and is host based
✔✔VM Ware - ✔✔Software we use in class to operate virtual machines
✔✔How do you check an IP address on Windows - ✔✔ipConfig
✔✔How do you check an IP address on Linux - ✔✔ifConfig
✔✔How can you tell if something is encrypted - ✔✔It will have a bunch of
gobbeldeygook and be super hard to read
✔✔Does putting things in hidden fields protect them from being found - ✔✔NO
, ✔✔How do you know what type of web server is being used - ✔✔it says in the header
✔✔How to shut down a linux server - ✔✔-h now
✔✔What are the three C's for data - ✔✔Create, Capture, Consume
✔✔USAA uses what - ✔✔real time fraud protection to forward in process before it hits
the database helps block fraud before it happens
✔✔Biggest threat of Big Data - ✔✔Privacy
✔✔Key drivers of Big Data - ✔✔Business, Technical, and Financial (Hindsight, Insight,
Foresight)
✔✔What are the seven layer of the OSI 7 layer model? - ✔✔7. Application
6. Presentation
5. Session
4. Transport
3. Network
2. Data Link
1. Physical
✔✔As data moves from the data the user cares about towards the direct connection
between devices, it is _____ with additional information. - ✔✔encapsulation,
encapsulated
✔✔At what layer in the OSI model is the human - CPU layer? - ✔✔Application
✔✔At what layer in the OSI model makes data usable? - ✔✔Presentation
✔✔At what layer in the OSI model maintains a connection? - ✔✔Session
✔✔At what layer in the OSI model does the transmiting of data across networks occur?
- ✔✔Transport
✔✔At what layer in the OSI model do IP addresses use? - ✔✔Network
✔✔At what layer in the OSI model contains Wi-Fi and ethernet - ✔✔Data Link
✔✔At what layer in the OSI model houses the wires and raw bits? - ✔✔Physical
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Thin client - ✔✔places little or no application logic on the client (easier to manage)
✔✔Thicc-client - ✔✔places all or almost all of the application logic on the client
(software on all of the clients needs to be updated)
✔✔Software as a Service (SaaS) - ✔✔An organization outsources the entire application
to the cloud provider and uses it as any other application that is available via a browser
(thin client)
✔✔Platform as a Service (PaaS) - ✔✔You can build your own application and manage
your own data on the cloud infrastructure provided by a cloud supplier. Platform is
rented from the cloud provider as well. Organization manages the data and application
but uses the database software and operating system from the cloud provider
✔✔Infrastructure as a Service - ✔✔Cloud provider manages the hardware, including
servers, storage, and networking components. Organization is responsible for all the
software (Operating system, database software, applications, data).
✔✔Uniform Resource Locator - ✔✔specifics the Internet address of the Web server and
the directory and amen the specific page wanted.
✔✔Hypertext Transfer Protocol - ✔✔standard protocol for communication between a
Web browser and a Web server (Port 80)
✔✔404 Error - ✔✔A common website error message that indicates a webpage cannot
be found.
✔✔Internet Message Access Protocol - ✔✔Standard of communication between email
client and mail server. Email messages can remain stored on the mail server after they
are read (allows for transfer to other computers) (USES PORT 143)
✔✔User Datagram Protocol - ✔✔Used when the sender needs to send a single small
packet to the receiver (DNS, Voice over)
✔✔Protocol Data Unit - ✔✔contains information that is needed to transmit the message
through the network (otherwise known as packet)
✔✔TCP three-way handshake - ✔✔To establish a connection the transport layer on
both the sender and the receiver must send SYNs and ACKs. Client sends a SYN to the
server who responds with an ACK and then sends its own SYN
,✔✔Who assigns a MAC Address? - ✔✔Manufacturer
✔✔Subnet Mask - ✔✔Any portion of the IP address can be designated as a subnet by
using _____________
✔✔How do you resolve a server name? - ✔✔DNS
✔✔Sending an ARP is considered what kind of message - ✔✔Broadcast
✔✔Does a packet come to a router or a computer - ✔✔Router
✔✔Static Routing - ✔✔decentralized all computers or routers in the network make their
own routing decisions following a formal routing protocol
✔✔Dynamic Routing - ✔✔Decisions made in a decentralized manner by individual
computers. Used when there are multiple routes through a network and it is important to
select the best route.
✔✔Centralized Routing - ✔✔routing decisions made by one central computer or router.
Commonly used in host-based networks
✔✔What is the protocol for a ping? - ✔✔ICMP
✔✔Who makes most of the routers on the Internet? - ✔✔Cisco
✔✔What is a loopback address? - ✔✔127.0.01
✔✔Hypervisor - ✔✔controls which virtual machine gets which access to which hardware
✔✔Para-Virtualization - ✔✔Sorta like virtualization but performs better has a lower
compatibility and is host based
✔✔VM Ware - ✔✔Software we use in class to operate virtual machines
✔✔How do you check an IP address on Windows - ✔✔ipConfig
✔✔How do you check an IP address on Linux - ✔✔ifConfig
✔✔How can you tell if something is encrypted - ✔✔It will have a bunch of
gobbeldeygook and be super hard to read
✔✔Does putting things in hidden fields protect them from being found - ✔✔NO
, ✔✔How do you know what type of web server is being used - ✔✔it says in the header
✔✔How to shut down a linux server - ✔✔-h now
✔✔What are the three C's for data - ✔✔Create, Capture, Consume
✔✔USAA uses what - ✔✔real time fraud protection to forward in process before it hits
the database helps block fraud before it happens
✔✔Biggest threat of Big Data - ✔✔Privacy
✔✔Key drivers of Big Data - ✔✔Business, Technical, and Financial (Hindsight, Insight,
Foresight)
✔✔What are the seven layer of the OSI 7 layer model? - ✔✔7. Application
6. Presentation
5. Session
4. Transport
3. Network
2. Data Link
1. Physical
✔✔As data moves from the data the user cares about towards the direct connection
between devices, it is _____ with additional information. - ✔✔encapsulation,
encapsulated
✔✔At what layer in the OSI model is the human - CPU layer? - ✔✔Application
✔✔At what layer in the OSI model makes data usable? - ✔✔Presentation
✔✔At what layer in the OSI model maintains a connection? - ✔✔Session
✔✔At what layer in the OSI model does the transmiting of data across networks occur?
- ✔✔Transport
✔✔At what layer in the OSI model do IP addresses use? - ✔✔Network
✔✔At what layer in the OSI model contains Wi-Fi and ethernet - ✔✔Data Link
✔✔At what layer in the OSI model houses the wires and raw bits? - ✔✔Physical
