UT TYLER FNP NURS 5350 ADV PATHO
EXAM 1 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS
⩥ What kind of feedback mechanisms regulate hormone secretion from
the thyroid gland. Answer: Negative feedback
⩥ The hypothalamus releases ______ which stimulates the release of
TSH from the pituitary gland. Answer: thyrotropin releasing hormone
(TRH)
⩥ What does TSH stimulate the synthesis/release from the thyroid gland.
Answer: T3 and T4
⩥ What does excess free T3 and T4 inhibit the _____ which results in
decreased TRH and TSH secretion. Answer: hypothalamus-pituitary-
thyroid (HPT) axis
⩥ What is hypothyroidism?. Answer: a decrease in thyroid hormone
secretion which can have a
-primary cause (thyroid gland disorder) *more frequent
-secondary cause( lack of TSH secretion=pituitary disorder)
,-tertiary cause (lack of TRH=hypothalamus disorder)
⩥ What indicates primary hypothyroidism. Answer: Decreased T4 and
elevated TSH levels
⩥ Causes for _____ include acute or chronic inflammation of thyroid
gland, radioiodine therapy, excess intake of antithyroid drugs or surgical
removal of the thyroid gland. Answer: primary hypothyroidism
⩥ Myxedema is severe hypothyroidism in the adult where symptoms
include. Answer: -lethargy
-apathy
-memory impairment
-emotional changes
-slow speech
-deep, coarse voice
-edema of eyelids/face
-dry skin
-cold intolerance
-slow pulse
-constipation
-weight gain
-abnormal menses
,(metabolic functions slow down)
⩥ In children, hypothyroidism can have a congenital onset that can
cause. Answer: delayed physical and mental growth (cretinism) or onset
may be prepubertal (juvenile hypothyroidism)
⩥ Hypothyroidism is treated with drugs that contain. Answer: T3 or T4
alone or in combination
⩥ Exogenous thyroid hormones (ingestion of thyroid hormones) are
contraindicated in patients with. Answer: thyrotoxicosis, acute
myocardial infarction (AMI), and adrenal insufficiency
⩥ Elevated serum calcium levels could also be related to ____;
exogenous ____ may also be prescribed. Answer: hypothyroidism;
calcitonin
⩥ ______ is the drug if choice for replacement therapy for the treatment
of primary hypothyroidism. Answer: Levothyroxine sodium
⩥ How does Levothyroixine sodium work. Answer: It increases the
levels of T4 and metabolically is deiodinated to T3
-it is also used to treat simple goiter and chronic lymphocytic
(Hashimoto) thyroiditis
(not quick fix, has to build up)
, Given b4 meals bc food absorption decrease absorption to the drug
⩥ Liothyronine pharmodynamics. Answer: -synthetic T3
-half-life: 2.5 days
-rapid onset of action (few hrs)
-used as replacement or supplemental treatment for hypothyroidism of
any etiology
-UNlike levothyroxine, it does not need to be deiodinated= increases the
availability for use by body tissues
-better absorbed from GI tract (95%)than Levothyroxine bc of its rapid
onset of action and short half-life
-initial therapy for treating myxedema
-oral or IV administration
⩥ Desiccated thyroid is a naturally occurring thyroid hormone from.
Answer: porcine thyroid glands. It contains both levothyroxine and
liothyronine
⩥ Desiccated thyroid is used to treat hypothyroidism due to. Answer:
thyroid atrophy, thyroid hormone deficiency, and goiter
⩥ Liotrix is a mixture of levothyroxine sodium and liothyronine sodium
in a ___ to ___ ratio by weight. Answer: 4 to 1
EXAM 1 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS
⩥ What kind of feedback mechanisms regulate hormone secretion from
the thyroid gland. Answer: Negative feedback
⩥ The hypothalamus releases ______ which stimulates the release of
TSH from the pituitary gland. Answer: thyrotropin releasing hormone
(TRH)
⩥ What does TSH stimulate the synthesis/release from the thyroid gland.
Answer: T3 and T4
⩥ What does excess free T3 and T4 inhibit the _____ which results in
decreased TRH and TSH secretion. Answer: hypothalamus-pituitary-
thyroid (HPT) axis
⩥ What is hypothyroidism?. Answer: a decrease in thyroid hormone
secretion which can have a
-primary cause (thyroid gland disorder) *more frequent
-secondary cause( lack of TSH secretion=pituitary disorder)
,-tertiary cause (lack of TRH=hypothalamus disorder)
⩥ What indicates primary hypothyroidism. Answer: Decreased T4 and
elevated TSH levels
⩥ Causes for _____ include acute or chronic inflammation of thyroid
gland, radioiodine therapy, excess intake of antithyroid drugs or surgical
removal of the thyroid gland. Answer: primary hypothyroidism
⩥ Myxedema is severe hypothyroidism in the adult where symptoms
include. Answer: -lethargy
-apathy
-memory impairment
-emotional changes
-slow speech
-deep, coarse voice
-edema of eyelids/face
-dry skin
-cold intolerance
-slow pulse
-constipation
-weight gain
-abnormal menses
,(metabolic functions slow down)
⩥ In children, hypothyroidism can have a congenital onset that can
cause. Answer: delayed physical and mental growth (cretinism) or onset
may be prepubertal (juvenile hypothyroidism)
⩥ Hypothyroidism is treated with drugs that contain. Answer: T3 or T4
alone or in combination
⩥ Exogenous thyroid hormones (ingestion of thyroid hormones) are
contraindicated in patients with. Answer: thyrotoxicosis, acute
myocardial infarction (AMI), and adrenal insufficiency
⩥ Elevated serum calcium levels could also be related to ____;
exogenous ____ may also be prescribed. Answer: hypothyroidism;
calcitonin
⩥ ______ is the drug if choice for replacement therapy for the treatment
of primary hypothyroidism. Answer: Levothyroxine sodium
⩥ How does Levothyroixine sodium work. Answer: It increases the
levels of T4 and metabolically is deiodinated to T3
-it is also used to treat simple goiter and chronic lymphocytic
(Hashimoto) thyroiditis
(not quick fix, has to build up)
, Given b4 meals bc food absorption decrease absorption to the drug
⩥ Liothyronine pharmodynamics. Answer: -synthetic T3
-half-life: 2.5 days
-rapid onset of action (few hrs)
-used as replacement or supplemental treatment for hypothyroidism of
any etiology
-UNlike levothyroxine, it does not need to be deiodinated= increases the
availability for use by body tissues
-better absorbed from GI tract (95%)than Levothyroxine bc of its rapid
onset of action and short half-life
-initial therapy for treating myxedema
-oral or IV administration
⩥ Desiccated thyroid is a naturally occurring thyroid hormone from.
Answer: porcine thyroid glands. It contains both levothyroxine and
liothyronine
⩥ Desiccated thyroid is used to treat hypothyroidism due to. Answer:
thyroid atrophy, thyroid hormone deficiency, and goiter
⩥ Liotrix is a mixture of levothyroxine sodium and liothyronine sodium
in a ___ to ___ ratio by weight. Answer: 4 to 1
