UT TYLER FNP NURS 5350 ADV PATHO
EXAM 1 FINAL PAPER 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY
PASSED
⩥ what do spinal nerves do? Answer: carry motor and sensory fibers to
and from the organs and tissues of the body
⩥ Afferent Pathways Answer: Sensory fibers
Coming toward you
one way street
⩥ Efferent Pathways Answer: Motor fibers
Going away from you
one way street
⩥ Somatic System Answer: voluntary motor control
⩥ Autonomic system Answer: involuntary organ control and has 2
categories
-sympathetic system
-parasympathetic system
,⩥ Sympathetic System Answer: mobilizes energy stores
Fight or Flight responses (green light)
⩥ Parasympathetic system Answer: conserves and restores energy (red
light)
rest and digest
⩥ Cerebrospinal fluid and Ventricles Answer: Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)
is in Arachnoid Mater layer. Is formed from the blood, and is clear
looking like plasma. Choroid Plexuses forms CSF in the ventricles and
flows into subarachnoid space so it can circulate around the brain. The
CSF is constatly being refreshed.
⩥ Circle of willis Answer: protective mechanism, provides a alternative
source of blood
⩥ Blood-Brain Barrier Answer: protective mechanism. doesnt allow
toxins into the brain
⩥ Neuron Answer: require glucose and oxygen for metabolism, the
myelin sheath is very important for fast impulse.
Cannot undergo cell division
,⩥ How does Nerve Impluse conduction work? Answer: by
neurotransmitters. that connect through synapse.
⩥ Synapse Answer: provides a connection between two or more neurons
or a neron and effector side.
⩥ Cerebral intracranial pressure (ICP) Answer: 5-15 mm/Hg
too much pressure inside brain will damage it.
⩥ what is the 1st indication of increased intracranial pressure? Answer:
is usually a decreased level of consciousness
⩥ Increased Intracranial Pressure Answer: Results in less arterial blood
entering the brain and compression of the brain itself leading to loss of
neuron function locally and generally. Brain tissue eventually dies.
⩥ Increased Intracranial Pressure Answer: Increases initially at the site
of injury but spreads throughout the CNS by continuous flow of CSF
and blood leading to widespread loss of function
⩥ Increased ICP is common with Answer: Brain hemorrhage, trauma,
cerebral edema, infection, tumors, or accumulation of excessive CSF
, ⩥ Body compensatory mechanism or ICP Answer: First shift CSF into
the spinal column, followed by the cushings reflex: Systemic
vasoconstriction, reduction in respiratory rate, slowing of HR, increasing
pulse pressure in an attempt to force more blood into the brain
⩥ Increased ICP leads to Answer: Brain tissue hypoxia
⩥ Early signs of ICP Answer: Decreased LOC, severe headache,
vomiting, papilledema
⩥ Visual signs of ICP Answer: Changes in pupils due to pressure on
cranial nerve III
Ptosis- drooping eyelids
Nystagmus- rapid or excessive movement back and forth of the eyes
⩥ What are the vital signs of increased ICP? Answer: Cushings reflex-
cerebral ischemia developes which causes a powerful response from the
vasomotor centers. Vasoconstriction occurs to increase systemic blood
pressure and force blood into the brain. Baroreceptors in carotid arteries
respond to the increased blood pressure by slowing heart rate.
Chemoreceptors respond to increased carbon dioxide by reducing
respiratory rate. Circulation is improved shortly then cycle repeats.
⩥ Hydrocephalus Answer: is common condition in which excessive
cerebrospinal fluid accumulates within the skull, compressing brain
EXAM 1 FINAL PAPER 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY
PASSED
⩥ what do spinal nerves do? Answer: carry motor and sensory fibers to
and from the organs and tissues of the body
⩥ Afferent Pathways Answer: Sensory fibers
Coming toward you
one way street
⩥ Efferent Pathways Answer: Motor fibers
Going away from you
one way street
⩥ Somatic System Answer: voluntary motor control
⩥ Autonomic system Answer: involuntary organ control and has 2
categories
-sympathetic system
-parasympathetic system
,⩥ Sympathetic System Answer: mobilizes energy stores
Fight or Flight responses (green light)
⩥ Parasympathetic system Answer: conserves and restores energy (red
light)
rest and digest
⩥ Cerebrospinal fluid and Ventricles Answer: Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)
is in Arachnoid Mater layer. Is formed from the blood, and is clear
looking like plasma. Choroid Plexuses forms CSF in the ventricles and
flows into subarachnoid space so it can circulate around the brain. The
CSF is constatly being refreshed.
⩥ Circle of willis Answer: protective mechanism, provides a alternative
source of blood
⩥ Blood-Brain Barrier Answer: protective mechanism. doesnt allow
toxins into the brain
⩥ Neuron Answer: require glucose and oxygen for metabolism, the
myelin sheath is very important for fast impulse.
Cannot undergo cell division
,⩥ How does Nerve Impluse conduction work? Answer: by
neurotransmitters. that connect through synapse.
⩥ Synapse Answer: provides a connection between two or more neurons
or a neron and effector side.
⩥ Cerebral intracranial pressure (ICP) Answer: 5-15 mm/Hg
too much pressure inside brain will damage it.
⩥ what is the 1st indication of increased intracranial pressure? Answer:
is usually a decreased level of consciousness
⩥ Increased Intracranial Pressure Answer: Results in less arterial blood
entering the brain and compression of the brain itself leading to loss of
neuron function locally and generally. Brain tissue eventually dies.
⩥ Increased Intracranial Pressure Answer: Increases initially at the site
of injury but spreads throughout the CNS by continuous flow of CSF
and blood leading to widespread loss of function
⩥ Increased ICP is common with Answer: Brain hemorrhage, trauma,
cerebral edema, infection, tumors, or accumulation of excessive CSF
, ⩥ Body compensatory mechanism or ICP Answer: First shift CSF into
the spinal column, followed by the cushings reflex: Systemic
vasoconstriction, reduction in respiratory rate, slowing of HR, increasing
pulse pressure in an attempt to force more blood into the brain
⩥ Increased ICP leads to Answer: Brain tissue hypoxia
⩥ Early signs of ICP Answer: Decreased LOC, severe headache,
vomiting, papilledema
⩥ Visual signs of ICP Answer: Changes in pupils due to pressure on
cranial nerve III
Ptosis- drooping eyelids
Nystagmus- rapid or excessive movement back and forth of the eyes
⩥ What are the vital signs of increased ICP? Answer: Cushings reflex-
cerebral ischemia developes which causes a powerful response from the
vasomotor centers. Vasoconstriction occurs to increase systemic blood
pressure and force blood into the brain. Baroreceptors in carotid arteries
respond to the increased blood pressure by slowing heart rate.
Chemoreceptors respond to increased carbon dioxide by reducing
respiratory rate. Circulation is improved shortly then cycle repeats.
⩥ Hydrocephalus Answer: is common condition in which excessive
cerebrospinal fluid accumulates within the skull, compressing brain
