NURS 2206 - Chapter 66 Assessment of Musculoskeletal Function
1. Functions of the Musculoskeletal System: -Protection of vital organs
-Framework to support body structures
-Movement and mobility
-Heat production and maintenance
-Facilitate blood return
-Reservoir for immature blood
-Reservoir for minerals
2. Osteoblasts: Function in bone formation.
3. Osteocytes: Mature bone cells that function in bone maintenance, located in the lacunae.
4. Osteoclasts: Multinuclear cells function in destroying, resorbing, and remodeling bone, located in Howship lacunae.
5. Epiphysis: The end of a long bone.
6. Osteogenesis: Process of bone formation.
7. Ossification: The process of formation of the bone matrix and deposition of minerals.
8. Bone Turnover: Bone is in a constant state of turnover.
9. Bone Remodeling: A process in which old bone is removed and new bone is added to the skeleton.
10. Complete Skeletal Turnover: Occurs every 10 years.
11. Regulating Factors of Bone: -Stress and weight bearing
-Vitamin D
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, -Parathyroid hormone
-Calcitonin
-Blood supply
12. Bone Matrix: Consists of collagen and ground substances (glycoproteins and proteoglycans) that provide a framework in which inorganic
mineral salts are deposited.
13. Minerals in Bone: Primarily composed of calcium and phosphorus.
14. Stage I: Hematoma formation: 1 to 2 days after fracture
15. Stage II: Fibrocartilaginous callus formation: Fibroblasts and osteoblasts migrate to fracture site
16. Stage III: Bony callus formation: Ossification begins during 3rd or 4th week
17. Stage IV: Remodeling: Osteoclasts remove necrotic bone
18. Joints (Articulation): Junction of Two or More Bones
19. Synarthrosis: Immovable joints
20. Amphiarthrosis: Allow limited movement
21. Diarthrosis: Freely movable
22. Hinge Joint: A type of joint that allows movement in one plane, in the knee
23. ball and socket joint: hip and shoulder joints
24. saddle joint: type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation
25. pivot joint: rotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection between radius/ulna and humerus
26. gliding joint: allows one bone to slide over another; found in wrist and ankles
27. joint capsule: The fibrous sac that encloses a joint.
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1. Functions of the Musculoskeletal System: -Protection of vital organs
-Framework to support body structures
-Movement and mobility
-Heat production and maintenance
-Facilitate blood return
-Reservoir for immature blood
-Reservoir for minerals
2. Osteoblasts: Function in bone formation.
3. Osteocytes: Mature bone cells that function in bone maintenance, located in the lacunae.
4. Osteoclasts: Multinuclear cells function in destroying, resorbing, and remodeling bone, located in Howship lacunae.
5. Epiphysis: The end of a long bone.
6. Osteogenesis: Process of bone formation.
7. Ossification: The process of formation of the bone matrix and deposition of minerals.
8. Bone Turnover: Bone is in a constant state of turnover.
9. Bone Remodeling: A process in which old bone is removed and new bone is added to the skeleton.
10. Complete Skeletal Turnover: Occurs every 10 years.
11. Regulating Factors of Bone: -Stress and weight bearing
-Vitamin D
1/
5
, -Parathyroid hormone
-Calcitonin
-Blood supply
12. Bone Matrix: Consists of collagen and ground substances (glycoproteins and proteoglycans) that provide a framework in which inorganic
mineral salts are deposited.
13. Minerals in Bone: Primarily composed of calcium and phosphorus.
14. Stage I: Hematoma formation: 1 to 2 days after fracture
15. Stage II: Fibrocartilaginous callus formation: Fibroblasts and osteoblasts migrate to fracture site
16. Stage III: Bony callus formation: Ossification begins during 3rd or 4th week
17. Stage IV: Remodeling: Osteoclasts remove necrotic bone
18. Joints (Articulation): Junction of Two or More Bones
19. Synarthrosis: Immovable joints
20. Amphiarthrosis: Allow limited movement
21. Diarthrosis: Freely movable
22. Hinge Joint: A type of joint that allows movement in one plane, in the knee
23. ball and socket joint: hip and shoulder joints
24. saddle joint: type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation
25. pivot joint: rotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection between radius/ulna and humerus
26. gliding joint: allows one bone to slide over another; found in wrist and ankles
27. joint capsule: The fibrous sac that encloses a joint.
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