ASCP Chemistry Polansky Exam with accurate detailed solutions

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ASCP Chemistry Polansky Exam with accurate detailed
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solutions


Diurnal variation ↑ in am: - ✔✔ACTH, cortisol, iron
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Diurnal variation ↑ in pm: - ✔✔growth hormone, PTH, TSH
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Day-to-day variation - ✔✔≥ 20% for ALT, bili, CK, steroid hormones, triglycerides
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Alcohol causes what chemistry levels to fluctuate? - ✔✔↓ glucose; ↑ triglycerides, GGT
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Posture causes what chemistry levels to fluctuate? - ✔✔↑ albumin, cholesterol, Ca2+ when
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standing



Activity ↑ in ambulatory patients: - ✔✔creatinine kinase (CK)
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Activity ↑ with exercise: - ✔✔K+, phosphate, lactic acid, creatinine, protein, CK, AST, LD
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Stress ↑ - ✔✔↑ ACTH, cortisol, catecholamines
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Chemical rxn produces colored substance that absorbs light of a specific wavelength. -
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✔✔Spectrophotometry



Amount of light absorbed is directly proportional
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to concentration of analyte. - ✔✔Spectrophotometry
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Components of Spectrophotometry: || ||




Light source (tungsten lamp for -------range, deuterium lamp for ------), monochromator
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(------ ---grating), cuvette, photodetector, readout device - ✔✔Light source (tungsten lamp
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for visible range, deuterium lamp for UV), monochromator (diffraction grating), cuvette,
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photodetector, readout device || ||




A = - ✔✔A = 2-log % T.
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Measures light absorbed by ground-state atoms. - ✔✔Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
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Components of AAS: Hollow -----lamp, atomizer, || || || || ||




flame, mixing chamber, chopper, monochromator, detector, readout device -
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✔✔Components of AAS: Hollow cathode lamp, atomizer, flame, mixing chamber, chopper, || || || || || || || || || || ||




monochromator, detector, readout device || || ||




Hollow cathode lamp with cathode made of -----produces wavelength ----- for analyte.
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Sensitive. - ✔✔Hollow cathode lamp with cathode made of analyte produces wavelength
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specific for analyte. Sensitive || || ||




Used to measure trace metals. - ✔✔AAS
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Atoms absorb light of specific wavelength & emit light of longer wavelength (lower energy)
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- ✔✔Fluorometry
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Components of Fluorometry || ||




Light source (mercury or ------arc lamp), primary monochromator, sample holder (-----
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cuvettes),

secondary monochromator, detector, readout device - ✔✔Components of Fluorometry
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Light source (mercury or xenon arc lamp), primary monochromator, sample holder (quartz
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cuvettes),

secondary monochromator, detector, readout device || || || ||




Detector at 90º to light source so that only light emitted by sample is measured. More
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sensitive

than colorimetry. - ✔✔Fluorometry detector at 90 degree to light source so that only light
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emitted by sample is measured
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Used to measure drugs, hormones. - ✔✔Fluorometry is used to measure drugs, hormones
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Chemical rxn that produces light. || || || ||




Usually involves oxidation of luminol, acridinium
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esters, or dioxetanes. - ✔✔Chemiluminescence
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Components of Chemiluminescence: || ||




Reagent probes, sample & --- cuvette, photomultiplier tube, read out device -
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✔✔Components of Chemiluminescence: || ||




Reagent probes, sample & reagent
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cuvette, photomultiplier tube,
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readout device ||




Doesn't require excitation radiation or monochromators like fluorometry. Extremely
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sensitive. - ✔✔Chemiluminescence doesn't require excitation radiation or monochromators
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like fluorometry
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Used for immunoassays. - ✔✔Chemiluminescence is used for immunoassays
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Measures reduction in light transmission by particles in
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suspension. - ✔✔Turbidimetry || ||




Similar to turbidity, but light is measured at angle from light source. - ✔✔Nephelometry
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Used to measure proteins in urine & CSF - ✔✔Turbidimetry is used to measure proteins in
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urine and CSF
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Used to measure ag-ab rxn. - ✔✔Nephelometry is used to measure ag-ab rxn
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Screening test for drugs of abuse in urine
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Substances identified by Rf value - ✔✔Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
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(distance traveled by compound/ || || ||




distance traveled by solvent). - ✔✔Rf value
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Separation of thermolabile compounds || || ||




Concentration determined by peak height ratio || || || || || ||




(height of analyte peak/height of internal standard peak). - ✔✔High-performance liquid
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chromatography (HPLC) ||




Separation of volatile compounds or compounds that
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can be made volatile, e.g., therapeutic & toxic drugs
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