2
Advanced Pathophysiology UTMB 5355 EXAM 2 with accurate || || || || || || || ||
detailed solutions ||
Oncogenes - ✔✔cancer causing genes, promote uncontrolled growth of cells
|| || || || || || || || ||
Proto-oncogenes - ✔✔promote normal cell growth factor and division || || || || || || || ||
If proto-oncogenes are mutated the become - - ✔✔Oncogenes
|| || || || || || || ||
Tumor Supressor Genes (TSGs) are - ✔✔Antioncogenes
|| || || || || ||
antioncogenes - ✔✔inhibit tumor progression & prevent mutations || || || || || || ||
Cancer develops with increase in - and decrease in - - ✔✔oncogenes, tumor suppressor
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
genes
What are the 2 main types of Tumor Suppressor Genes? - ✔✔Gatekeepers & Caretakers
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
tumor suppressor genes - ✔✔encode proteins that inhibit growth, prevent and repair
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
mutations but if mutated will increase cancer risk
|| || || || || || ||
Gatekeeper - ✔✔regulate cell proliferation, cell type specific, normally prevent uncontrolled
|| || || || || || || || || ||
growth and potential progression of cancer
|| || || || || ||
Caretaker - ✔✔suppress gene mutations, repair DNA, if not functioning correctly mutation
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
can occur ||
, 2
How does chronic inflammation cause cancer? - ✔✔Inflammation increases free radicals
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
and reactive oxygen species which promote mutation
|| || || || || ||
interfere with insulin signaling leading to insulin resistance in stress, obesity, and Type 2
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Diabetes. - ✔✔Pro-inflammatory cytokines || || ||
TP53 gene - ✔✔tumor suppressor gene, if lost due to mutation cells escape apoptosis and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
can divide indefinitely increasing risk of cancer
|| || || || || ||
tumor necrosis factor is _ cytokine - ✔✔pro-inflammatory, may be related to carcinogenesis
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
4 functions of TNF - ✔✔1)cell survival
|| || || || || ||
2)cell proliferation ||
3) cell differentiation
|| ||
4)cell death ||
CA therapy in relation to TNF - ✔✔Modulation of TNF/receptors
|| || || || || || || || ||
tumor markers - ✔✔not used to diagnose, but can be useful in surveillance of cancers or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
after cancer treatments, elevated in some cancers
|| || || || || ||
tumor markers are produced by both - ✔✔benign & malignant cells, increased levels seen
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in cancerous/noncancerous tumors
|| ||
tumor markers include - ✔✔hormones, enzymes, genes, antigens and antibodies
|| || || || || || || || ||
Advanced Pathophysiology UTMB 5355 EXAM 2 with accurate || || || || || || || ||
detailed solutions ||
Oncogenes - ✔✔cancer causing genes, promote uncontrolled growth of cells
|| || || || || || || || ||
Proto-oncogenes - ✔✔promote normal cell growth factor and division || || || || || || || ||
If proto-oncogenes are mutated the become - - ✔✔Oncogenes
|| || || || || || || ||
Tumor Supressor Genes (TSGs) are - ✔✔Antioncogenes
|| || || || || ||
antioncogenes - ✔✔inhibit tumor progression & prevent mutations || || || || || || ||
Cancer develops with increase in - and decrease in - - ✔✔oncogenes, tumor suppressor
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
genes
What are the 2 main types of Tumor Suppressor Genes? - ✔✔Gatekeepers & Caretakers
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
tumor suppressor genes - ✔✔encode proteins that inhibit growth, prevent and repair
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
mutations but if mutated will increase cancer risk
|| || || || || || ||
Gatekeeper - ✔✔regulate cell proliferation, cell type specific, normally prevent uncontrolled
|| || || || || || || || || ||
growth and potential progression of cancer
|| || || || || ||
Caretaker - ✔✔suppress gene mutations, repair DNA, if not functioning correctly mutation
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
can occur ||
, 2
How does chronic inflammation cause cancer? - ✔✔Inflammation increases free radicals
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
and reactive oxygen species which promote mutation
|| || || || || ||
interfere with insulin signaling leading to insulin resistance in stress, obesity, and Type 2
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Diabetes. - ✔✔Pro-inflammatory cytokines || || ||
TP53 gene - ✔✔tumor suppressor gene, if lost due to mutation cells escape apoptosis and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
can divide indefinitely increasing risk of cancer
|| || || || || ||
tumor necrosis factor is _ cytokine - ✔✔pro-inflammatory, may be related to carcinogenesis
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
4 functions of TNF - ✔✔1)cell survival
|| || || || || ||
2)cell proliferation ||
3) cell differentiation
|| ||
4)cell death ||
CA therapy in relation to TNF - ✔✔Modulation of TNF/receptors
|| || || || || || || || ||
tumor markers - ✔✔not used to diagnose, but can be useful in surveillance of cancers or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
after cancer treatments, elevated in some cancers
|| || || || || ||
tumor markers are produced by both - ✔✔benign & malignant cells, increased levels seen
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in cancerous/noncancerous tumors
|| ||
tumor markers include - ✔✔hormones, enzymes, genes, antigens and antibodies
|| || || || || || || || ||
