2
UTMB ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5355 Exam 3 with
|| || || || || || ||
accurate detailed solutions || ||
Biogenic Amine Theory linked to depression - ✔✔Deficiency of neurotransmitters in brain
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin. Particularly, a decrease in receptor binding
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
with serotonin. ||
Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis linked to depression - ✔✔A deficiency of || || || || || || || || || ||
monoamine neurotransmitters at neuronal synapses. || || || ||
Antidepressants increase - ✔✔Neuronal synaptic levels of monoamine neurotransmitters.
|| || || || || || || ||
if you have more receptors than neurotransmitters - ✔✔Neurotransmitters do not have time
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
to re-charge thus, they do not function properly.
|| || || || || || || ||
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) System Dysregulation - ✔✔HPA system || || || || || || ||
dysregulation with excessive glucocorticoid secretion is found in a large percentage of
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
people suffering from major depression.
|| || || ||
Patho of Alzheimer's includes - plaque formation, presence of --, with decreased levels of - -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Amyloid B, neurofibrillary tangles, acetylcholine these disrupt impulse transmission
|| || || || || || || ||
neurofibrillary tangles - ✔✔are a deformation of the structure that carries nutrients to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
neurons of the brain. || || ||
Decreased levels of choline acetyl transferase and acetylcholine is associated with -
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Memory loss ||
,2
Most common cause of dementia - ✔✔Alzheimer's disease fatal 5-10 years
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Characteristics of Alzheimer's - ✔✔Loss of memory, language , inability to learn new
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
things, dysfunction, delusions, cannot perform ADLs, majorly effects social life
|| || || || || || || || ||
Parkinson's Disease is - ✔✔Chronic motor progressive neuro-degenerative known as a
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
shaking palsy ||
Parkinson's disease is associated with - ✔✔basal ganglia dysfunction and atrophy of
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
neurons in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine;
|| || || || || || ||
Characteristics of Parkinson's disease - ✔✔Tremors at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia, muscular
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
rigidity and postural abnormalities.
|| || ||
2 Main Categories of CVA - ✔✔Hemorrhagic and Ischemic
|| || || || || || || ||
Hemorrhagic CVA - ✔✔Blood produces inflammatory reaction, swelling, displaces brain
|| || || || || || || || || ||
tissue and increases ICP
|| || ||
2 types of hemorrhagic stroke - ✔✔Intracerebral and subarachnoid
|| || || || || || || ||
Intracerebral Hemorrhage - ✔✔Blood vessel leaks directly into brain tissue
|| || || || || || || || ||
Subarachnoid hemorrhage - ✔✔Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, caused by trauma,
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
aneurysm rupture presents as "worst headache of life". surgical emergency
|| || || || || || || || ||
Ischemic CVA - ✔✔reduction in cerebral blood flow results in hypoxia and irreversible cell
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
death with associated cerebral edema
|| || || ||
, 2
3 types of ischemic CVA - ✔✔thrombotic, embolic, hypercoagulable states.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Thrombotic - ✔✔caused by atherosclerosis blocking vessels. obstruction of blood vessel due
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
to localized occlusive process
|| || ||
Embolic - ✔✔caused by blood clot, fat or air embolus traveling from distant site to brain
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Hypercoaguable state - ✔✔conditions such as sickle cell disease, polycythemia causing || || || || || || || || || || ||
blood clot to form and obstruct vessel
|| || || || || ||
Multiple sclerosis - ✔✔chronic, inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of the
|| || || || || || || || || ||
CNS. : patho includes CNS demyelination thought to be caused by an immune reaction
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Acetylcholine - ✔✔excitatory or inhibitory, enables muscle action, learning, memory- || || || || || || || || || ||
involved in memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease
|| || || || || ||
Norepinephrine - ✔✔Helps control alertness and arousal. Under supply can depress mood. || || || || || || || || || || ||
Serotonin - ✔✔inhibitory, involved with mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal- insufficient
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
linked to depression, involved in migraine headaches, Prozac and antidepressant drugs raise
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
levels
||
Dopamine - ✔✔excitatory, influences movement, learning, emotions, pleasure, decreased
|| || || || || || || || ||
levels associated with tremors in parkinson's and depression, excess linked to schizophrenia
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
GABA - ✔✔major inhibitory, undersupply linked to anxiety, seizures, tremors and insomnia
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
UTMB ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5355 Exam 3 with
|| || || || || || ||
accurate detailed solutions || ||
Biogenic Amine Theory linked to depression - ✔✔Deficiency of neurotransmitters in brain
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin. Particularly, a decrease in receptor binding
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
with serotonin. ||
Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis linked to depression - ✔✔A deficiency of || || || || || || || || || ||
monoamine neurotransmitters at neuronal synapses. || || || ||
Antidepressants increase - ✔✔Neuronal synaptic levels of monoamine neurotransmitters.
|| || || || || || || ||
if you have more receptors than neurotransmitters - ✔✔Neurotransmitters do not have time
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
to re-charge thus, they do not function properly.
|| || || || || || || ||
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) System Dysregulation - ✔✔HPA system || || || || || || ||
dysregulation with excessive glucocorticoid secretion is found in a large percentage of
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
people suffering from major depression.
|| || || ||
Patho of Alzheimer's includes - plaque formation, presence of --, with decreased levels of - -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Amyloid B, neurofibrillary tangles, acetylcholine these disrupt impulse transmission
|| || || || || || || ||
neurofibrillary tangles - ✔✔are a deformation of the structure that carries nutrients to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
neurons of the brain. || || ||
Decreased levels of choline acetyl transferase and acetylcholine is associated with -
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Memory loss ||
,2
Most common cause of dementia - ✔✔Alzheimer's disease fatal 5-10 years
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Characteristics of Alzheimer's - ✔✔Loss of memory, language , inability to learn new
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
things, dysfunction, delusions, cannot perform ADLs, majorly effects social life
|| || || || || || || || ||
Parkinson's Disease is - ✔✔Chronic motor progressive neuro-degenerative known as a
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
shaking palsy ||
Parkinson's disease is associated with - ✔✔basal ganglia dysfunction and atrophy of
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
neurons in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine;
|| || || || || || ||
Characteristics of Parkinson's disease - ✔✔Tremors at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia, muscular
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
rigidity and postural abnormalities.
|| || ||
2 Main Categories of CVA - ✔✔Hemorrhagic and Ischemic
|| || || || || || || ||
Hemorrhagic CVA - ✔✔Blood produces inflammatory reaction, swelling, displaces brain
|| || || || || || || || || ||
tissue and increases ICP
|| || ||
2 types of hemorrhagic stroke - ✔✔Intracerebral and subarachnoid
|| || || || || || || ||
Intracerebral Hemorrhage - ✔✔Blood vessel leaks directly into brain tissue
|| || || || || || || || ||
Subarachnoid hemorrhage - ✔✔Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, caused by trauma,
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
aneurysm rupture presents as "worst headache of life". surgical emergency
|| || || || || || || || ||
Ischemic CVA - ✔✔reduction in cerebral blood flow results in hypoxia and irreversible cell
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
death with associated cerebral edema
|| || || ||
, 2
3 types of ischemic CVA - ✔✔thrombotic, embolic, hypercoagulable states.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Thrombotic - ✔✔caused by atherosclerosis blocking vessels. obstruction of blood vessel due
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
to localized occlusive process
|| || ||
Embolic - ✔✔caused by blood clot, fat or air embolus traveling from distant site to brain
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Hypercoaguable state - ✔✔conditions such as sickle cell disease, polycythemia causing || || || || || || || || || || ||
blood clot to form and obstruct vessel
|| || || || || ||
Multiple sclerosis - ✔✔chronic, inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of the
|| || || || || || || || || ||
CNS. : patho includes CNS demyelination thought to be caused by an immune reaction
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Acetylcholine - ✔✔excitatory or inhibitory, enables muscle action, learning, memory- || || || || || || || || || ||
involved in memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease
|| || || || || ||
Norepinephrine - ✔✔Helps control alertness and arousal. Under supply can depress mood. || || || || || || || || || || ||
Serotonin - ✔✔inhibitory, involved with mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal- insufficient
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
linked to depression, involved in migraine headaches, Prozac and antidepressant drugs raise
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
levels
||
Dopamine - ✔✔excitatory, influences movement, learning, emotions, pleasure, decreased
|| || || || || || || || ||
levels associated with tremors in parkinson's and depression, excess linked to schizophrenia
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
GABA - ✔✔major inhibitory, undersupply linked to anxiety, seizures, tremors and insomnia
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
