BASIC DYSRHYTHMIA-RELIAS EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2026.
Normal sinus rhythm - ANS heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in
patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute
Sinus Arrhythmia - ANS Appearance is ALMOST NORMAL:
Respiratory - Circulatory interaction
Rate INCREASES with INSPIRATION (IN=IN)
Sinus Bradycardia - ANS <60
normal sinus rhythm
Sinus Tachycardia - ANS >100 (100-150)
normal sinus rhythm
Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) - ANS Heart Rate: Depends on underlying rhythm
Regularity: Interrupts the regularity of underlying rhythm
P-Wave: can be flattened, notched, or unusual. May be hidden within the T wave
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, PRI: measures between .12-.20 seconds and can be prolonged; can be different from other
complexes
QRS: <.12 seconds
Sinus Arrest/Pause - ANS - SA node doesn't fire
- notice absence of P-wave for a complete cycle (a missed cycle)
length of pause ≠ multiple of normal rate (block)
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) - ANS an irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from
abnormal conduction in the atria
Atrial Flutter - ANS irregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter with 2 to 1
block or 3 to 1 block"
Junctional Rhythm - ANS 40-60 Regular!
-impulse from AV node w/ retro/antegrade transmission
- P wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS
- slow rate
- narrow QRS (not wide like ventricular)
Junctional Tachycardia - ANS >60 bpm (ms. K; 150-250)
- KEY: will be regular (consistent)
- AV junction produces a rapid sequence of QRS-T cycles
- p-wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS
Premature Junctional Contraction - ANS Inverted p wave or hidden p wave
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2026.
Normal sinus rhythm - ANS heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in
patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute
Sinus Arrhythmia - ANS Appearance is ALMOST NORMAL:
Respiratory - Circulatory interaction
Rate INCREASES with INSPIRATION (IN=IN)
Sinus Bradycardia - ANS <60
normal sinus rhythm
Sinus Tachycardia - ANS >100 (100-150)
normal sinus rhythm
Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) - ANS Heart Rate: Depends on underlying rhythm
Regularity: Interrupts the regularity of underlying rhythm
P-Wave: can be flattened, notched, or unusual. May be hidden within the T wave
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, PRI: measures between .12-.20 seconds and can be prolonged; can be different from other
complexes
QRS: <.12 seconds
Sinus Arrest/Pause - ANS - SA node doesn't fire
- notice absence of P-wave for a complete cycle (a missed cycle)
length of pause ≠ multiple of normal rate (block)
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) - ANS an irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from
abnormal conduction in the atria
Atrial Flutter - ANS irregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter with 2 to 1
block or 3 to 1 block"
Junctional Rhythm - ANS 40-60 Regular!
-impulse from AV node w/ retro/antegrade transmission
- P wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS
- slow rate
- narrow QRS (not wide like ventricular)
Junctional Tachycardia - ANS >60 bpm (ms. K; 150-250)
- KEY: will be regular (consistent)
- AV junction produces a rapid sequence of QRS-T cycles
- p-wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS
Premature Junctional Contraction - ANS Inverted p wave or hidden p wave
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
