ETS SLP Praxis (Form 1-3)| QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
2025/2026
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As part of a routine preschool screening, an SLPS L P Option (B) is correct. The characteristics described are consistent with a resonance
tests a 4 year old whose speech is characterized by disorder, hence velopharyngeal function would be evaluated initially.
sound omissions, hypernasality, nasal emission, and
weak consonants. Which of the following would be
most appropriately evaluated initially?
A.Oral-motor behavior
B.Velopharyngeal function
C.Laryngeal function
D.Phonological awareness
Which of the following is the minimal contrast approach Option (A) is correct. Minimal contrast approach was one of the first approaches
most appropriately used to treat? designed to adhere to phonological principles of intervention.
A.Phonological disorders
B.Dysphagia
C.Dysarthria
D.Global aphasia
,Alicia is a fourth-grade student with a language
Option (A) is correct. Percentile rank is the percentage of the scores within the
impairment that interferes with her academic performance
norm range that are equal to or lower than the score gained by the student.
and social communication. On a standardized test of
expressive language ability, she received an overall
score of 97.5, placing her in the 65thsixty fifth percentile.
Alicia's test result indicates that she
A.performed as well as or better than 65% of the
individuals on whom the norms were developed
B.responded correctly to 65% of the 150 items included in
the expressive-language test
C.performed as well as or better than 65% of the other
fourth graders who took the same test
D.responded correctly to 97.5% of the test items, as did
65% of the other children taking the test
Which THREE of the following variables are considered
Options (A), (C), and (D) are correct. Being of male gender is a risk factor cited by
risk factors for late language emergence?
both ASHAA S H A and researchers for late-talking toddlers. Having a low SESS E
S is considered a risk factor by ASHAA S H A and researchers for late talking.
A.Male gender
Finally low birth weight is a risk factor as well.
B.Access to print material
C.Low socioeconomic status
D.Moderately low birth weight
E.Exposure to rich and varied vocabulary
During a trip to the grocery store, a three-year-old boy
Option (D) is correct. Expansion is a method that entails providing a subject a
with delayed language points to an apple on the
more complex speech model but does not directly stimulate another response
floor and says to his mother, "Apple." The boy's mother
from the subject.
says, "Yes, that's a big, shiny apple."
Based on the mother's response, which of the
following language stimulation techniques is she
using?
A.Imitation
B.Parallel talk
C.Think aloud
D.Expansion
An SLPS L P works with a 4-year-old patient
Option (B) is correct. Requests (mands) are very important for the early
diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The patient
development of language and for day-to-day verbal interactions with others.
is nonverbal, does not have a functional
Requests (mands) are usually the first type of communication acquired by
communication system, and does not follow simple
an infant.
directions. Which of the following communicative
target goals is most appropriate for the SLPS L P to
prioritize for the patient?
A.Matching identical pictures in an array of pictures
B.Requesting wants in any modality
C.Labeling of common items verbally
D.Imitating a sequence of two actions
,A 75-year-old patient with a history of chronic
Option (C) is correct. Several studies using instrumental assessment have
obstructive pulmonary disease underwent a three-
concluded that some patients recover airway protection and swallow function
vessel coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The
within 24 hours of extubation and others much later than 24 hours post-extubation
patient needed to be intubated for three days
following prolonged endotracheal intubation, suggesting that a 24-hour "deferral
following surgery. After extubation, the medical team
time" benchmark is not particularly useful.
requested a swallow consultation to determine if it
was safe for the patient to take oral medications and
initiate oral nutrition. Based on the patient's condition,
which of the following assessment procedures is most
appropriate for an SLPS L P to practice?
A.Administering a clinical bedside swallow evaluation
and recommending an oral diet as there were no clinical
signs or symptoms of aspiration during the evaluation
B.Deferring the evaluation for 24 hours because the
patient was just extubated to allow a possible
improvement in the patient's swallow function before
evaluation
C.Completing a clinical bedside swallow evaluation to
determine patient readiness for an instrumen
Which of the following procedures is most important for
Option (C) is correct. Informal observation of a student in a natural setting is
an SLPS L P to consider when assessing the social
part of a comprehensive assessment. A determination of eligibility for SLPS L P
aspect of a school-age child's communication skills?
services in a school must be made from more than one source and should
include authentic assessment in an informal setting.
A.Collecting a language sample to assess narrative skills
B.Assessing expressive vocabulary used by the child on
a picture vocabulary test
C.Observing the child interacting with peers in natural
settings, such as during recess
D.Looking for a discrepancy between the child's IQI Q
and communication skills to determine eligibility
A study is conducted to determine how well a
Options (A), (D), and (E) are correct. The screening test's sensitivity is the
dysphagia screening test predicts aspiration that is
proportion of patients who aspirated and failed the screen (top cell in the first
later confirmed with a videofluoroscopic swallow study
column) to the total of all patients who aspirated on the VFSS (total of the first
(VFSSV F S S). The study results are presented in the
column); therefore, 45/50 = 0.9045 divided by 50, equals 0.90. The screening
table below.
test's specificity is the proportion of patients who did not aspirate and passed
the screen (bottom cell in the second column) to the total of all patients who did
VFSSV F S S Results
not aspirate on the VFSSV F S S (total of second column); therefore, 30/50 =
Aspiration No Aspiration
0.6030 divided by 50, equals 0.60. False negatives are patients who passed the
Dysphagia screen results Failed screen 45 20
screen who actually aspirated on the VFSSV F S S (bottom cell of first column).
Passed screen 5 30
Which THREE of the following statements about this
dysphagia screening test are true?
A. The screening test's sensitivity is 90%
B. The screening test's sensitivity is 69%
C. The screening test's specificity is 90%
D. The screening test's specificity is 60%
E. The number of false negatives was 5
F. The number of false negatives was 20
, Which TWO of the following statements about the results
Options (A) and (D) are correct. The screening test's sensitivity is the proportion
of a screening test are correct?
of patients who aspirated and failed the screen (top cell in the first column)
to the total of all patients who aspirated (total of the first column). The screening
A. Sensitivity is the proportion of people who fail
test's specificity is the proportion of patients who did not aspirate and passed the
the screening test who are aspirators
screen (bottom cell in the second column) to the total of all patients who did not
B. Specificity is the proportion of people who pass
aspirate on the VFSSV F S S (total of second column).
the screening test who are aspirators
C. Sensitivity is the proportion of people who pass
the screening test who are not aspirators
D. Specificity is the proportion of people who pass
the screening test who are not aspirators
During a speech-language evaluation at a preschool, a
Option (A) is correct. Although it is in the SLP'sS L P's scope of practice to
child has difficulty with receptive language tasks
diagnose ASDA S D, it is stated that best practice suggests a team approach
and responds with only one-word utterances to
when making this determination.
expressive language items. The child's eye contact
is poor throughout the session. When observed with
the other children in class, the child does not
engage with peers but prefers self-stimulating
behaviors such as flapping arms and throwing papers
up in the air. According to the child's teacher, these are
typical behaviors for the child. Given the data obtained,
which of the following steps is most appropriate for
the SLPS L P to take next?
A. Engaging in an interprofessional practice (IPPI P P) to
determine the appropriate diagnosis of ASDA S D
B.Conducting the full evaluation when the child is
more cooperative so that accurate recommendations
can be made
C. Initiating expressive language therapy to focus
on expanding conversational utterances
D. Training the teacher t
Christel and Sharon are 14-month-old fraternal twins.
Option (A) is correct. Jargon typically continues until around 18 months of age.
Christel has more intelligible words than her sister,
although she talks far less frequently. Sharon
speaks almost exclusively in running jargon that
nobody understands. Their parents are worried about
Sharon's development because her language skills
appear to be behind those of her sister. Which of
the following is an SLP'sS L P's best response to the
parents' concern?
A. At Sharon's age, jargon is normal and may
even continue for another three to four
months.
B. Christel's language development is more
abnormal because she should be beyond single
words.
C. Both girls were exposed to the same language
environments, so the relative lack of intelligible
words indicates a language delay.
D. Jargon should not persist past the age of 12 months
and thus Sharon may be presenting a language
disorder.
2025/2026
Save
As part of a routine preschool screening, an SLPS L P Option (B) is correct. The characteristics described are consistent with a resonance
tests a 4 year old whose speech is characterized by disorder, hence velopharyngeal function would be evaluated initially.
sound omissions, hypernasality, nasal emission, and
weak consonants. Which of the following would be
most appropriately evaluated initially?
A.Oral-motor behavior
B.Velopharyngeal function
C.Laryngeal function
D.Phonological awareness
Which of the following is the minimal contrast approach Option (A) is correct. Minimal contrast approach was one of the first approaches
most appropriately used to treat? designed to adhere to phonological principles of intervention.
A.Phonological disorders
B.Dysphagia
C.Dysarthria
D.Global aphasia
,Alicia is a fourth-grade student with a language
Option (A) is correct. Percentile rank is the percentage of the scores within the
impairment that interferes with her academic performance
norm range that are equal to or lower than the score gained by the student.
and social communication. On a standardized test of
expressive language ability, she received an overall
score of 97.5, placing her in the 65thsixty fifth percentile.
Alicia's test result indicates that she
A.performed as well as or better than 65% of the
individuals on whom the norms were developed
B.responded correctly to 65% of the 150 items included in
the expressive-language test
C.performed as well as or better than 65% of the other
fourth graders who took the same test
D.responded correctly to 97.5% of the test items, as did
65% of the other children taking the test
Which THREE of the following variables are considered
Options (A), (C), and (D) are correct. Being of male gender is a risk factor cited by
risk factors for late language emergence?
both ASHAA S H A and researchers for late-talking toddlers. Having a low SESS E
S is considered a risk factor by ASHAA S H A and researchers for late talking.
A.Male gender
Finally low birth weight is a risk factor as well.
B.Access to print material
C.Low socioeconomic status
D.Moderately low birth weight
E.Exposure to rich and varied vocabulary
During a trip to the grocery store, a three-year-old boy
Option (D) is correct. Expansion is a method that entails providing a subject a
with delayed language points to an apple on the
more complex speech model but does not directly stimulate another response
floor and says to his mother, "Apple." The boy's mother
from the subject.
says, "Yes, that's a big, shiny apple."
Based on the mother's response, which of the
following language stimulation techniques is she
using?
A.Imitation
B.Parallel talk
C.Think aloud
D.Expansion
An SLPS L P works with a 4-year-old patient
Option (B) is correct. Requests (mands) are very important for the early
diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The patient
development of language and for day-to-day verbal interactions with others.
is nonverbal, does not have a functional
Requests (mands) are usually the first type of communication acquired by
communication system, and does not follow simple
an infant.
directions. Which of the following communicative
target goals is most appropriate for the SLPS L P to
prioritize for the patient?
A.Matching identical pictures in an array of pictures
B.Requesting wants in any modality
C.Labeling of common items verbally
D.Imitating a sequence of two actions
,A 75-year-old patient with a history of chronic
Option (C) is correct. Several studies using instrumental assessment have
obstructive pulmonary disease underwent a three-
concluded that some patients recover airway protection and swallow function
vessel coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The
within 24 hours of extubation and others much later than 24 hours post-extubation
patient needed to be intubated for three days
following prolonged endotracheal intubation, suggesting that a 24-hour "deferral
following surgery. After extubation, the medical team
time" benchmark is not particularly useful.
requested a swallow consultation to determine if it
was safe for the patient to take oral medications and
initiate oral nutrition. Based on the patient's condition,
which of the following assessment procedures is most
appropriate for an SLPS L P to practice?
A.Administering a clinical bedside swallow evaluation
and recommending an oral diet as there were no clinical
signs or symptoms of aspiration during the evaluation
B.Deferring the evaluation for 24 hours because the
patient was just extubated to allow a possible
improvement in the patient's swallow function before
evaluation
C.Completing a clinical bedside swallow evaluation to
determine patient readiness for an instrumen
Which of the following procedures is most important for
Option (C) is correct. Informal observation of a student in a natural setting is
an SLPS L P to consider when assessing the social
part of a comprehensive assessment. A determination of eligibility for SLPS L P
aspect of a school-age child's communication skills?
services in a school must be made from more than one source and should
include authentic assessment in an informal setting.
A.Collecting a language sample to assess narrative skills
B.Assessing expressive vocabulary used by the child on
a picture vocabulary test
C.Observing the child interacting with peers in natural
settings, such as during recess
D.Looking for a discrepancy between the child's IQI Q
and communication skills to determine eligibility
A study is conducted to determine how well a
Options (A), (D), and (E) are correct. The screening test's sensitivity is the
dysphagia screening test predicts aspiration that is
proportion of patients who aspirated and failed the screen (top cell in the first
later confirmed with a videofluoroscopic swallow study
column) to the total of all patients who aspirated on the VFSS (total of the first
(VFSSV F S S). The study results are presented in the
column); therefore, 45/50 = 0.9045 divided by 50, equals 0.90. The screening
table below.
test's specificity is the proportion of patients who did not aspirate and passed
the screen (bottom cell in the second column) to the total of all patients who did
VFSSV F S S Results
not aspirate on the VFSSV F S S (total of second column); therefore, 30/50 =
Aspiration No Aspiration
0.6030 divided by 50, equals 0.60. False negatives are patients who passed the
Dysphagia screen results Failed screen 45 20
screen who actually aspirated on the VFSSV F S S (bottom cell of first column).
Passed screen 5 30
Which THREE of the following statements about this
dysphagia screening test are true?
A. The screening test's sensitivity is 90%
B. The screening test's sensitivity is 69%
C. The screening test's specificity is 90%
D. The screening test's specificity is 60%
E. The number of false negatives was 5
F. The number of false negatives was 20
, Which TWO of the following statements about the results
Options (A) and (D) are correct. The screening test's sensitivity is the proportion
of a screening test are correct?
of patients who aspirated and failed the screen (top cell in the first column)
to the total of all patients who aspirated (total of the first column). The screening
A. Sensitivity is the proportion of people who fail
test's specificity is the proportion of patients who did not aspirate and passed the
the screening test who are aspirators
screen (bottom cell in the second column) to the total of all patients who did not
B. Specificity is the proportion of people who pass
aspirate on the VFSSV F S S (total of second column).
the screening test who are aspirators
C. Sensitivity is the proportion of people who pass
the screening test who are not aspirators
D. Specificity is the proportion of people who pass
the screening test who are not aspirators
During a speech-language evaluation at a preschool, a
Option (A) is correct. Although it is in the SLP'sS L P's scope of practice to
child has difficulty with receptive language tasks
diagnose ASDA S D, it is stated that best practice suggests a team approach
and responds with only one-word utterances to
when making this determination.
expressive language items. The child's eye contact
is poor throughout the session. When observed with
the other children in class, the child does not
engage with peers but prefers self-stimulating
behaviors such as flapping arms and throwing papers
up in the air. According to the child's teacher, these are
typical behaviors for the child. Given the data obtained,
which of the following steps is most appropriate for
the SLPS L P to take next?
A. Engaging in an interprofessional practice (IPPI P P) to
determine the appropriate diagnosis of ASDA S D
B.Conducting the full evaluation when the child is
more cooperative so that accurate recommendations
can be made
C. Initiating expressive language therapy to focus
on expanding conversational utterances
D. Training the teacher t
Christel and Sharon are 14-month-old fraternal twins.
Option (A) is correct. Jargon typically continues until around 18 months of age.
Christel has more intelligible words than her sister,
although she talks far less frequently. Sharon
speaks almost exclusively in running jargon that
nobody understands. Their parents are worried about
Sharon's development because her language skills
appear to be behind those of her sister. Which of
the following is an SLP'sS L P's best response to the
parents' concern?
A. At Sharon's age, jargon is normal and may
even continue for another three to four
months.
B. Christel's language development is more
abnormal because she should be beyond single
words.
C. Both girls were exposed to the same language
environments, so the relative lack of intelligible
words indicates a language delay.
D. Jargon should not persist past the age of 12 months
and thus Sharon may be presenting a language
disorder.
