MNT FOR SEL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2026.
What is the Mifflin-St Jeor formula used for? - ANS To calculate Resting Energy Expenditure
(REE) for patients not mechanically ventilated.
What is the Ireton Jones 1992 formula used for? - ANS To calculate REE for mechanically
ventilated patients with trauma.
What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? - ANS A serious medical emergency caused by a lack of
insulin, leading to a buildup of acidic ketones in the blood.
What are common symptoms of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)? - ANS Symptoms include
excessive thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and
blurred vision.
What tests are used to diagnose Type 1 diabetes? - ANS Blood glucose test, Glycosylated
hemoglobin test (A1c), and antibody test.
What is the main cause of Type 1 diabetes? - ANS Autoimmune destruction of insulin-
producing beta cells in the pancreas.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,What is the onset process of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)? - ANS It develops due to
insulin resistance and a decline in insulin production from multiple organ systems.
What role does the pancreas play in Type 2 diabetes? - ANS Initially overproduces insulin, but
beta cells decline due to stress and toxicity.
What are the key nutrition interventions for managing Type 1 diabetes? - ANS Recommend
healthy eating patterns, individualized Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT), and provide nutrition
education.
What factors contribute to insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes? - ANS Dysfunction in muscle,
liver, fat tissue, pancreas, gut, kidneys, and brain.
What is the significance of the glycosylated hemoglobin test (A1c)? - ANS It measures
average blood sugar levels over the past three months.
What are the emergency signs of undiagnosed T1D due to DKA? - ANS Fruity-smelling breath,
nausea, abdominal pain, rapid breathing, confusion, and extreme tiredness.
What is the recommended approach for managing Type 2 diabetes? - ANS A multifaceted
approach combining MNT, physical activity, and medication management.
What is the impact of obesity on the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes? - ANS Obesity increases
the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, which is now diagnosed more often in young adults and
children.
What is the role of the kidneys in Type 2 diabetes? - ANS They increase glucose reabsorption,
contributing to higher blood glucose levels.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,What is the effect of fat tissue in Type 2 diabetes? - ANS Releases excess free fatty acids,
worsening insulin resistance and damaging beta cells.
What is the importance of individualized nutrition needs in MNT? - ANS To consider personal
and cultural preferences, health literacy, and willingness to change behaviors.
What should be assessed during the Nutrition Care Process (NCP)? - ANS Questions focusing
on motivational interviewing and open-ended inquiries about the patient's health.
What are the consequences of untreated hyperglycemia? - ANS It can lead to serious
complications, including DKA and long-term health issues.
What is the relationship between insulin resistance and glucose levels? - ANS Insulin
resistance results in higher glucose levels as cells do not respond effectively to insulin.
How does aging affect the risk of Type 2 diabetes? - ANS The risk increases with age,
particularly after 45 years.
What is the role of incretin hormones in diabetes? - ANS Reduced GLP-1/GIP response leads
to weaker meal-stimulated insulin release in Type 2 diabetes.
What is the significance of a basic metabolic panel in diabetes management? - ANS It helps
check overall health and assess for complications like DKA.
What lifestyle changes are recommended for individuals with Type 2 diabetes? -
ANS Reducing energy intake and increasing physical activity.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What is the effect of the brain on appetite in Type 2 diabetes? - ANS Reduced insulin/leptin
sensitivity leads to increased appetite and weight gain.
What is the first step to take before assessing a patient? - ANS Start out by greeting them and
introducing yourself.
What role does a Registered Dietitian play in patient care? - ANS They provide guidance on
nutrition and dietary management related to health.
What is an important aspect of building rapport with a patient? - ANS Invite them to the
conversation.
What should be established at the beginning of a patient appointment? - ANS Set the agenda
by asking what brings them in and how you can help.
What types of data should be gathered during a patient assessment? - ANS Clinical,
anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary data.
What is included in clinical data for hypertension assessment? - ANS Medical history, family
history, management, and medications.
What should be considered when gathering social history? - ANS Housing, income, substance
use, food security, and physical activity.
What anthropometric data should be collected from the client? - ANS Weight, weight history,
waist circumference, height, BMI, and physical assessment.
What is the purpose of a 24-hour recall or 3-day food record? - ANS To gather dietary history.
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2026.
What is the Mifflin-St Jeor formula used for? - ANS To calculate Resting Energy Expenditure
(REE) for patients not mechanically ventilated.
What is the Ireton Jones 1992 formula used for? - ANS To calculate REE for mechanically
ventilated patients with trauma.
What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? - ANS A serious medical emergency caused by a lack of
insulin, leading to a buildup of acidic ketones in the blood.
What are common symptoms of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)? - ANS Symptoms include
excessive thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and
blurred vision.
What tests are used to diagnose Type 1 diabetes? - ANS Blood glucose test, Glycosylated
hemoglobin test (A1c), and antibody test.
What is the main cause of Type 1 diabetes? - ANS Autoimmune destruction of insulin-
producing beta cells in the pancreas.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,What is the onset process of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)? - ANS It develops due to
insulin resistance and a decline in insulin production from multiple organ systems.
What role does the pancreas play in Type 2 diabetes? - ANS Initially overproduces insulin, but
beta cells decline due to stress and toxicity.
What are the key nutrition interventions for managing Type 1 diabetes? - ANS Recommend
healthy eating patterns, individualized Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT), and provide nutrition
education.
What factors contribute to insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes? - ANS Dysfunction in muscle,
liver, fat tissue, pancreas, gut, kidneys, and brain.
What is the significance of the glycosylated hemoglobin test (A1c)? - ANS It measures
average blood sugar levels over the past three months.
What are the emergency signs of undiagnosed T1D due to DKA? - ANS Fruity-smelling breath,
nausea, abdominal pain, rapid breathing, confusion, and extreme tiredness.
What is the recommended approach for managing Type 2 diabetes? - ANS A multifaceted
approach combining MNT, physical activity, and medication management.
What is the impact of obesity on the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes? - ANS Obesity increases
the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, which is now diagnosed more often in young adults and
children.
What is the role of the kidneys in Type 2 diabetes? - ANS They increase glucose reabsorption,
contributing to higher blood glucose levels.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,What is the effect of fat tissue in Type 2 diabetes? - ANS Releases excess free fatty acids,
worsening insulin resistance and damaging beta cells.
What is the importance of individualized nutrition needs in MNT? - ANS To consider personal
and cultural preferences, health literacy, and willingness to change behaviors.
What should be assessed during the Nutrition Care Process (NCP)? - ANS Questions focusing
on motivational interviewing and open-ended inquiries about the patient's health.
What are the consequences of untreated hyperglycemia? - ANS It can lead to serious
complications, including DKA and long-term health issues.
What is the relationship between insulin resistance and glucose levels? - ANS Insulin
resistance results in higher glucose levels as cells do not respond effectively to insulin.
How does aging affect the risk of Type 2 diabetes? - ANS The risk increases with age,
particularly after 45 years.
What is the role of incretin hormones in diabetes? - ANS Reduced GLP-1/GIP response leads
to weaker meal-stimulated insulin release in Type 2 diabetes.
What is the significance of a basic metabolic panel in diabetes management? - ANS It helps
check overall health and assess for complications like DKA.
What lifestyle changes are recommended for individuals with Type 2 diabetes? -
ANS Reducing energy intake and increasing physical activity.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What is the effect of the brain on appetite in Type 2 diabetes? - ANS Reduced insulin/leptin
sensitivity leads to increased appetite and weight gain.
What is the first step to take before assessing a patient? - ANS Start out by greeting them and
introducing yourself.
What role does a Registered Dietitian play in patient care? - ANS They provide guidance on
nutrition and dietary management related to health.
What is an important aspect of building rapport with a patient? - ANS Invite them to the
conversation.
What should be established at the beginning of a patient appointment? - ANS Set the agenda
by asking what brings them in and how you can help.
What types of data should be gathered during a patient assessment? - ANS Clinical,
anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary data.
What is included in clinical data for hypertension assessment? - ANS Medical history, family
history, management, and medications.
What should be considered when gathering social history? - ANS Housing, income, substance
use, food security, and physical activity.
What anthropometric data should be collected from the client? - ANS Weight, weight history,
waist circumference, height, BMI, and physical assessment.
What is the purpose of a 24-hour recall or 3-day food record? - ANS To gather dietary history.
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
