GEOLOGY 1500: FINAL EXAM
(SURFACE WATER)QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS!!
List the common pattern for drainage networks - ANSWERtypes of drainage
networks
dendritic, rectangular, trellis, radial, and parallel
Dendritic -
Rectangular-
Trellis-
Radial-
Parallel-
what variables are considered when calculating discharge - ANSWERcross-sectional
area and velocity
the deepest, fastest channel in a river is call the - ANSWERthalweg
why do floods occur? - ANSWERflood occurs when water inundates land that's
normally dry, which can happen in a multitude of ways. Excessive rain, a ruptured
dam or levee, rapid melting of snow or ice, or even an unfortunately placed beaver
dam can overwhelm a river, spreading over the adjacent land, called a floodplain.
Understand how drainage networks work as collection systems and deltas as
distribution systems for water and sediment - ANSWERAt the delta, the river tends to
branch downstream to form distributes, which drop the river's sediment load in
topset, foreset, and bottomset
what factor affects the rate of down cutting in a river - ANSWERcapacity of the
stream / rate of uplift
Most lateral erosion occurs along what part of a meandering river channel? -
ANSWERthe cut bank
When a flowing river reaches a standing body of water like a lake or ocean, what
feature is formed? - ANSWERDelta
A river delta is a landform created by deposition of sediment that is carried by a river
as the flow leaves its mouth and enters slower-moving water.
Which of the following would be a poor choice for land use in a floodplain - ANSWER
, list different stages of the evolution of a river - ANSWER1. erosion accentuates the
cut bank
2. collapsed cut bank material is transported away
3. Deposition builds the point bar (the curvy edge)
- sediment accumulates inside the meander bend
- continued addition expands point bar laterally
YOUNG (straight path)
- V-shaped/ steep slope/ lots of erosion (fast)
MATURE (mender)
- U-shaped (begins to curve)/ less erosion means less steep and less velocity
OLD AGE (extreme meander) floodplains
- very curvy/ almost flat - no slope/oxbow lakes
how is flowing water in streams able to erode solid rock and to transport and deposit
sediments - ANSWERstreams and rivers are able to create both erosional landforms
(their own channels, canyons, and valleys) and depositional landforms (floodplains,
alluvial fans, and deltas) as they flow over Earth's surface.
most of the erosional work done by surface water
is done by unorganized runoff down slopes
Define Alluvial fans and where tend to form where - ANSWERstreams flow into dry
basins in arid regions
Alluvial fans are triangular-shaped deposits of water-transported material,
Define Delta and where tend to form where - ANSWERA river delta is a landform
created by deposition of sediment that is carried by a river as the flow leaves its
mouth and enters slower-moving water.
tends to form an inland region where the water spreads out and deposits sediments.
How is the stream's velocity (speed) linked to gradient (slope), discharge (amount of
water) - ANSWERstreams erode, transport, and deposit sediments greatly increases
during flooding.
Describe Hydrologic Cycle - ANSWERwater evaporates from surfaces and
transpiration from plants, water returns as precipitation with the excess going to the
see or becoming groundwater
-evaporation
-transpiration
-precipitation
-infiltration
-runoff
-evaptrnspation
Describe Stream Valleys, Channels, and Floodplains - ANSWERStream Valleys
(SURFACE WATER)QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS!!
List the common pattern for drainage networks - ANSWERtypes of drainage
networks
dendritic, rectangular, trellis, radial, and parallel
Dendritic -
Rectangular-
Trellis-
Radial-
Parallel-
what variables are considered when calculating discharge - ANSWERcross-sectional
area and velocity
the deepest, fastest channel in a river is call the - ANSWERthalweg
why do floods occur? - ANSWERflood occurs when water inundates land that's
normally dry, which can happen in a multitude of ways. Excessive rain, a ruptured
dam or levee, rapid melting of snow or ice, or even an unfortunately placed beaver
dam can overwhelm a river, spreading over the adjacent land, called a floodplain.
Understand how drainage networks work as collection systems and deltas as
distribution systems for water and sediment - ANSWERAt the delta, the river tends to
branch downstream to form distributes, which drop the river's sediment load in
topset, foreset, and bottomset
what factor affects the rate of down cutting in a river - ANSWERcapacity of the
stream / rate of uplift
Most lateral erosion occurs along what part of a meandering river channel? -
ANSWERthe cut bank
When a flowing river reaches a standing body of water like a lake or ocean, what
feature is formed? - ANSWERDelta
A river delta is a landform created by deposition of sediment that is carried by a river
as the flow leaves its mouth and enters slower-moving water.
Which of the following would be a poor choice for land use in a floodplain - ANSWER
, list different stages of the evolution of a river - ANSWER1. erosion accentuates the
cut bank
2. collapsed cut bank material is transported away
3. Deposition builds the point bar (the curvy edge)
- sediment accumulates inside the meander bend
- continued addition expands point bar laterally
YOUNG (straight path)
- V-shaped/ steep slope/ lots of erosion (fast)
MATURE (mender)
- U-shaped (begins to curve)/ less erosion means less steep and less velocity
OLD AGE (extreme meander) floodplains
- very curvy/ almost flat - no slope/oxbow lakes
how is flowing water in streams able to erode solid rock and to transport and deposit
sediments - ANSWERstreams and rivers are able to create both erosional landforms
(their own channels, canyons, and valleys) and depositional landforms (floodplains,
alluvial fans, and deltas) as they flow over Earth's surface.
most of the erosional work done by surface water
is done by unorganized runoff down slopes
Define Alluvial fans and where tend to form where - ANSWERstreams flow into dry
basins in arid regions
Alluvial fans are triangular-shaped deposits of water-transported material,
Define Delta and where tend to form where - ANSWERA river delta is a landform
created by deposition of sediment that is carried by a river as the flow leaves its
mouth and enters slower-moving water.
tends to form an inland region where the water spreads out and deposits sediments.
How is the stream's velocity (speed) linked to gradient (slope), discharge (amount of
water) - ANSWERstreams erode, transport, and deposit sediments greatly increases
during flooding.
Describe Hydrologic Cycle - ANSWERwater evaporates from surfaces and
transpiration from plants, water returns as precipitation with the excess going to the
see or becoming groundwater
-evaporation
-transpiration
-precipitation
-infiltration
-runoff
-evaptrnspation
Describe Stream Valleys, Channels, and Floodplains - ANSWERStream Valleys
