DYNAMIC EARTH GEOLOGY 1500
TEST 1 CORRECT 100%
Geologic Materials - ANSWERWe use ________ every day!
Geology - ANSWERnatural science that pursues an understanding of the Earth
Physical Geology - ANSWERfocused on materials composing Earth, and processes
that operates upon/beneath the surface
Historical Geology - ANSWERfocused on the origin of Earth
Key Concepts in Geology - ANSWERScientific Method, Time, Cycles, & Roles of
Energy, Water, and Gravity.
Scientific Method - ANSWERScientists make observations, collect measurements,
and construct tests of predicted behavior
Paradigm - ANSWERa well documented and broadly applicable "super theory"
Theory - ANSWERvery well-tested, reproducible, and widely-accepted concept that
the scientific community agrees best explains certain observable facts
Hypothesis - ANSWERa tentative or preliminary explanation based on limited data
Catastrophism - ANSWEREarth's mountains, sedimentary deposits, fossils, etc. all
formed by quick, global catastrophes
Uniformitarianism - ANSWERPhysical and biological processes operating today also
occurred in the past ("the present is the key to the past").
Relative Dating (Geologic Time Scale) - ANSWERSequence
Absolute Dating (Geologic Time Scale) - ANSWERNumber
Rocks, Plate Tectonics, Water, & Elements - ANSWERCycles involving Earth
Materials
Oceanic Crust - ANSWERhas an average density of 3.0 g/cm3 and is composed of
the igneous rocks basalt and gabbro
Asthenosphere - ANSWERhas the composition of the "primitive" rock peridotite;
upper mantle; solid yet deformable upper mantle beneath the lithosphere
Mesosphere - ANSWERcomposed of very dense, high-pressure minerals; deeper
mantle
, Lithosphere - ANSWERoutermost physical layer consisting of the crust and
uppermost mantle
Rock Cycle - ANSWERdiagram illustrating the processes creating and modifying
geologic materials (rocks) over time, both on and beneath Earth's surface
Igneous Rocks - ANSWERFormed by the cooling and solidification of magma
Sedimentary Rocks - ANSWERformed from the weathering of preexisting rocks
accumulate in layers at Earth's surface
Metamorphic Rocks - ANSWERApplying heat and pressure "changes" a pre-existing
rock
Gravity - ANSWERDriving force for mass wasting, surface water movement, erosion,
glaciers, tides, and more
The Sun and Earth's Interior - ANSWERPrime Sources of Energy on Earth
Water (H20) - ANSWERexists as solid, liquid, and gas
expands when it freezes
can add weight/act as lubricant/potent solvent
Seismic Waves - ANSWEREnergy released by earthquakes and explosions moves
through the Earth's interior in this form
Travel Paths and Speeds - ANSWER______ and ______ of seismic waves passing
through the Earth vary with the properties of the materials encountered
Compression Waves (P Waves) - ANSWERare fastest and travel through both
liquids and solids
Shear Waves (S Waves) - ANSWERcannot travel through liquids
Refracted - ANSWERSeismic waves are reflected and _______ within the Earth
Temperature, Pressure, and Density - ANSWERIncreases with depth in the Earth
Crust - ANSWERbrittle solid; rocky skin (~1% of Earth's volume) ranging from 2
miles (3 km) thick at oceanic ridges up to 45 miles (70 km) thick in some mountain
belts
Mantle - ANSWERPlastic; solid layer of rock extending to a depth of about 1800
miles (2900 km) that locally may contain very minor melt
Outer Core - ANSWERliquid with an average density of ~11 g/cm3, and it is as fluid
as water at Earth's surface
TEST 1 CORRECT 100%
Geologic Materials - ANSWERWe use ________ every day!
Geology - ANSWERnatural science that pursues an understanding of the Earth
Physical Geology - ANSWERfocused on materials composing Earth, and processes
that operates upon/beneath the surface
Historical Geology - ANSWERfocused on the origin of Earth
Key Concepts in Geology - ANSWERScientific Method, Time, Cycles, & Roles of
Energy, Water, and Gravity.
Scientific Method - ANSWERScientists make observations, collect measurements,
and construct tests of predicted behavior
Paradigm - ANSWERa well documented and broadly applicable "super theory"
Theory - ANSWERvery well-tested, reproducible, and widely-accepted concept that
the scientific community agrees best explains certain observable facts
Hypothesis - ANSWERa tentative or preliminary explanation based on limited data
Catastrophism - ANSWEREarth's mountains, sedimentary deposits, fossils, etc. all
formed by quick, global catastrophes
Uniformitarianism - ANSWERPhysical and biological processes operating today also
occurred in the past ("the present is the key to the past").
Relative Dating (Geologic Time Scale) - ANSWERSequence
Absolute Dating (Geologic Time Scale) - ANSWERNumber
Rocks, Plate Tectonics, Water, & Elements - ANSWERCycles involving Earth
Materials
Oceanic Crust - ANSWERhas an average density of 3.0 g/cm3 and is composed of
the igneous rocks basalt and gabbro
Asthenosphere - ANSWERhas the composition of the "primitive" rock peridotite;
upper mantle; solid yet deformable upper mantle beneath the lithosphere
Mesosphere - ANSWERcomposed of very dense, high-pressure minerals; deeper
mantle
, Lithosphere - ANSWERoutermost physical layer consisting of the crust and
uppermost mantle
Rock Cycle - ANSWERdiagram illustrating the processes creating and modifying
geologic materials (rocks) over time, both on and beneath Earth's surface
Igneous Rocks - ANSWERFormed by the cooling and solidification of magma
Sedimentary Rocks - ANSWERformed from the weathering of preexisting rocks
accumulate in layers at Earth's surface
Metamorphic Rocks - ANSWERApplying heat and pressure "changes" a pre-existing
rock
Gravity - ANSWERDriving force for mass wasting, surface water movement, erosion,
glaciers, tides, and more
The Sun and Earth's Interior - ANSWERPrime Sources of Energy on Earth
Water (H20) - ANSWERexists as solid, liquid, and gas
expands when it freezes
can add weight/act as lubricant/potent solvent
Seismic Waves - ANSWEREnergy released by earthquakes and explosions moves
through the Earth's interior in this form
Travel Paths and Speeds - ANSWER______ and ______ of seismic waves passing
through the Earth vary with the properties of the materials encountered
Compression Waves (P Waves) - ANSWERare fastest and travel through both
liquids and solids
Shear Waves (S Waves) - ANSWERcannot travel through liquids
Refracted - ANSWERSeismic waves are reflected and _______ within the Earth
Temperature, Pressure, and Density - ANSWERIncreases with depth in the Earth
Crust - ANSWERbrittle solid; rocky skin (~1% of Earth's volume) ranging from 2
miles (3 km) thick at oceanic ridges up to 45 miles (70 km) thick in some mountain
belts
Mantle - ANSWERPlastic; solid layer of rock extending to a depth of about 1800
miles (2900 km) that locally may contain very minor melt
Outer Core - ANSWERliquid with an average density of ~11 g/cm3, and it is as fluid
as water at Earth's surface
