NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions And Answers Latest
Update 2026
NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 — Practice Questions & Answers
Fundamental Concepts
1. What is pathophysiology?
Answer: The study of functional changes in the body resulting from disease.
2. Which term describes the cause of a disease?
Answer: Etiology.
3. What is homeostasis?
Answer: The body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions.
Cellular Injury & Adaptation
4. True/False: Persistent metaplasia can lead to dysplasia.
Answer: True.
5. Metaplasia is defined as:
Answer: A mature cell type replaced by a different mature cell type (e.g., bronchial
epithelium in smokers).
6. Dysplasia means:
Answer: Cells vary in size and shape.
7. Apoptosis is:
Answer: Programmed cell death.
Fluid & Electrolyte Balance
8. Hydrostatic pressure does what?
Answer: Pushes fluid out, typically at the arterial level.
9. Osmotic pressure does what?
Answer: Pulls fluid in, typically at the venous level.
, 10. Isotonic solutions are:
Answer: Balanced (like Normal Saline).
11. Hypotonic fluids:
Answer: Lower solute, more diluted — e.g., 0.45% NaCl.
12. Hypertonic fluids:
Answer: More concentrated — used in cerebral edema.
Electrolyte Normal Ranges & Imbalances
13. Normal sodium (Na⁺) range:
Answer: 135–145 mEq/L.
14. Normal potassium (K⁺) range:
Answer: 3.5–5.0 mEq/L.
15. Hyponatremia means:
Answer: Low sodium → dehydration.
16. Hyperkalemia can cause:
Answer: Cardiac arrest and muscle weakness.
Genetics & Disorders
17. Example of an autosomal-dominant disease:
Answer: Huntington’s disease.
18. Example of an autosomal-recessive disorder:
Answer: Cystic fibrosis.
19. Example of an X-linked condition:
Answer: Red-green color blindness.
Acid-Base Balance
20. Blood pH < 7.35 indicates:
Answer: Acidosis (either metabolic or respiratory).
21. CO₂ > 45 mm Hg suggests:
Answer: Respiratory acidosis (e.g., COPD, pneumonia).
Update 2026
NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 — Practice Questions & Answers
Fundamental Concepts
1. What is pathophysiology?
Answer: The study of functional changes in the body resulting from disease.
2. Which term describes the cause of a disease?
Answer: Etiology.
3. What is homeostasis?
Answer: The body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions.
Cellular Injury & Adaptation
4. True/False: Persistent metaplasia can lead to dysplasia.
Answer: True.
5. Metaplasia is defined as:
Answer: A mature cell type replaced by a different mature cell type (e.g., bronchial
epithelium in smokers).
6. Dysplasia means:
Answer: Cells vary in size and shape.
7. Apoptosis is:
Answer: Programmed cell death.
Fluid & Electrolyte Balance
8. Hydrostatic pressure does what?
Answer: Pushes fluid out, typically at the arterial level.
9. Osmotic pressure does what?
Answer: Pulls fluid in, typically at the venous level.
, 10. Isotonic solutions are:
Answer: Balanced (like Normal Saline).
11. Hypotonic fluids:
Answer: Lower solute, more diluted — e.g., 0.45% NaCl.
12. Hypertonic fluids:
Answer: More concentrated — used in cerebral edema.
Electrolyte Normal Ranges & Imbalances
13. Normal sodium (Na⁺) range:
Answer: 135–145 mEq/L.
14. Normal potassium (K⁺) range:
Answer: 3.5–5.0 mEq/L.
15. Hyponatremia means:
Answer: Low sodium → dehydration.
16. Hyperkalemia can cause:
Answer: Cardiac arrest and muscle weakness.
Genetics & Disorders
17. Example of an autosomal-dominant disease:
Answer: Huntington’s disease.
18. Example of an autosomal-recessive disorder:
Answer: Cystic fibrosis.
19. Example of an X-linked condition:
Answer: Red-green color blindness.
Acid-Base Balance
20. Blood pH < 7.35 indicates:
Answer: Acidosis (either metabolic or respiratory).
21. CO₂ > 45 mm Hg suggests:
Answer: Respiratory acidosis (e.g., COPD, pneumonia).
