Pathophysiology 6th Edition PDF | The Biologic Basis for Disease

Pathophysiology, 6th Edition j j

Chapterj01:jIntroductionjtojPathophysiologyjBanasik:

MULTIPLEjCHOICE

1. C.Q.jwasjrecentlyjexposedjtojgroupjAjhemolyticjStrepto
coccusjandjsubsequentlyjdevelopedajpharyngealjinfectio
n.jHisjclinicjexaminationjrevealsjanjoraljtemperaturejofj1
02.3F,jskinjrash,jdysphagia,jandjreddenedjthroatjmucos
ajwithjmultiplejpustules.jHejcomplainsjofjsorejthroat,jma
laise,jandjjointjstiffness.jAjthroatjculturejisjpositivejforjSt
reptococcus,jandjantibioticsjhavejbeenjprescribed.jThejet
iologyjofjC.Q.’sjdiseasejis
a. ajsorejthroat.
b. streptococcaljinfection.
c. geneticjsusceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:j B
Etiologyjrefersjtojthejproposedjcausejorjcausesjofjajparticularjdiseasejprocess.jAjsorejthroatjisjt
hejmanifestationjofjthejdiseasejprocess.jGeneticjsusceptibilityjrefersjtojinheritedjtendencyjtojd
evelopjajdisease.jPharyngitisjrefersjtojinflammationjofjthejthroatjandjisjalsojajclinicaljmanifest
ationjofjthejdiseasejprocess.

2. Aj17-year-oldjcollege-
boundjstudentjreceivesjajvaccinejagainstjanjorganismjthatjcausesjmeningitis.jThisjisjanjex
amplejof
a. primaryjprevention.
b. secondaryjprevention.
c. tertiaryjprevention.
d. diseasejtreatment.
ANS:j A
Primaryjpreventionjisjpreventionjofjdiseasejbyjalteringjsusceptibilityjorjreducingjexposurejforj
susceptiblejindividualsjbyjprovidingjvaccination.jSecondaryjpreventionjisjthejearlyjdetection,j
screening,jandjmanagementjofjthejdisease.jTertiaryjpreventionjincludesjrehabilitativejandjsup
portivejcarejandjattemptsjtojalleviatejdisabilityjandjrestorejeffectivejfunctioning.jDiseasejtreat
mentjinvolvesjmanagementjofjthejdiseasejoncejitjhasjdeveloped.

3. Anjobesejbutjotherwisejhealthyjteenjisjgivenjajprescriptionjforjajlow-
caloriejdietjandjexercisejprogram.jThisjisjanjexamplejof
a. primaryjprevention.
b. secondaryjprevention.
c. tertiaryjprevention.
d. diseasejtreatment.
ANS:j B
Secondaryjpreventionjisjthejearlyjdetection,jscreening,jandjmanagementjofjthejdiseasejsuch


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, asjprescribingjdietjandjexercisejforjanjindividualjwhojhasjalreadyjdevelopedjobesity.jPrimaryj
preventionjisjpreventionjofjdiseasejbyjalteringjsusceptibilityjorjreducingjexposurejforjsusceptib
lejindividuals.jTertiaryjpreventionjincludesjrehabilitativejandjsupportivejcarejandjattemptsjtoja
lleviatejdisabilityjandjrestorejeffectivejfunctioning.jDiseasejtreatmentjinvolvesjmanagementjo
fjthejdiseasejoncejitjhasjdeveloped.
4. Ajpatientjwithjhighjbloodjpressurejwhojisjotherwisejhealthyjisjcounseledjtojrestrictjsodiumjint
ake.jThisjisjanjexamplejof
a. primaryjprevention.
b. secondaryjprevention.
c. tertiaryjprevention.
d. diseasejtreatment.
ANS:j B
Secondaryjpreventionjisjthejearlyjdetection,jscreening,jandjmanagementjofjthejdisease,jsuchjasj
byjprescribingjsodiumjrestrictionjforjhighjbloodjpressure.jPrimaryjpreventionjisjpreventionjofj
diseasejbyjalteringjsusceptibilityjorjreducingjexposurejforjsusceptiblejindividuals.jTertiaryjpre
ventionjincludesjrehabilitativejandjsupportivejcarejandjattemptsjtojalleviatejdisabilityjandjrest
orejeffectivejfunctioning.jDiseasejtreatmentjinvolvesjmanagementjofjthejdiseasejoncejitjhasjde
veloped.

5. Afterjsufferingjajheartjattack,jajmiddle-agedjmanjisjcounseledjtojtakejajcholesterol-
loweringjmedication.jThisjisjanjexamplejof
a. primaryjprevention.
b. secondaryjprevention.
c. tertiaryjprevention.
d. diseasejtreatment.
ANS:j C
Tertiaryjpreventionjincludesjrehabilitativejandjsupportivejcarejandjattemptsjtojalleviatejdisabi
lityjandjrestorejeffectivejfunctioningjsuchjasjprescribingjajcholesterol-
loweringjmedicationjfollowingjajheartjattack.jPrimaryjpreventionjisjpreventionjofjdiseasejbyjal
tering NjRjIjGjB.C
susceptibilityjorj reducingj e x pUo s uSr e j fN
o r j sT
usceptibOle j individuals.j Secondaryjpreventionj isj the
earlyjdetection,jscreening,jandjmanagementjofjthejdisease.jDiseasejtreatmentjinvolvesjmanage
mentjofjthejdiseasejoncejitjhasjdeveloped.

6. Ajpatientjhasjbeenjexposedjtojmeningococcaljmeningitis,jbutjisjnotjyetjdemonstratingjsignsjofj
thisjdisease.jThisjstagejofjillnessjisjcalledjthe stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS:j B
Incubationjrefersjtojthejintervaljbetweenjexposurejofjajtissuejtojanjinjuriousjagentjandjthejfirstj
appearancejofjsignsjandjsymptoms.jInjinfectiousjdiseases,jthisjperiodjisjoftenjcalledjthejincubat
ionj(latent)jperiod.jProdromaljrefersjtojthejappearancejofjthejfirstjsignsjandjsymptomsjindicati
ngjthejonsetjofjajdisease.jThesejarejoftenjnonspecific,jsuchjasjheadache,jmalaise,janorexia,jand
jnausea,jwhichjarejassociatedjwithjajnumberjofjdifferentjdiseases.

Sequelajrefersjtojsubsequentjpathologicjconditionjresultingjfromjajdisease.jConvalescencejisjth
ejstagejofjrecoveryjafterjajdisease,jinjury,jorjsurgicaljoperation.
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, 7. Ajdiseasejthatjisjnativejtojajparticularjregionjisjcalled
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS:j B
Ajdiseasejthatjisjnativejtojajparticularjregionjisjcalledjendemic.jAnjepidemicjisjajdiseasejthatjsp
readsjtojmanyjindividualsjatjthejsamejtime.jPandemicsjarejepidemicsjthatjaffectjlargejgeograph
icjregions,jperhapsjspreadingjworldwide.

8. Injgeneral,jwithjaging,jorganjsizejandjfunction
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remainjthejsame.
d. arejunknown.
ANS:j B
Injgeneral,jwithjaging,jorganjsizejandjfunctionjdecrease.

9. Thejstagejduringjwhichjthejpatientjfunctionsjnormally,jalthoughjthejdiseasejprocessesjarejw
elljestablished,jisjreferredjtojas
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS:j B
Thejstagejduringjwhichjthejpatientjfunctionsjnormally,jalthoughjthejdiseasejprocessesjarejwellj
established,jisjcalledjthejsubclinicaljstage.jThejintervaljbetweenjexposurejofjajtissuejtojanjinjuri
ousjagentjandjthejfN st R
irU apSpI
eaNraGnT
ceBo.
fjC
sigOnM
sj andjsymptomsjmayjbejcalledjajlatent
periodjor,jinjthejcasejofjinfectiousjdiseases,janjincubationjperiod.jThejprodromaljperiod,jor
prodrome,jrefersjtojthejappearancejofjthejfirstjsignsjandjsymptomsjindicatingjthejonsetjofjajdis
ease.jConvalescencejisjthejstagejofjrecoveryjafterjajdisease,jinjury,jorjsurgicaljoperation.

MULTIPLEjRESPONSE

1. Yourjpatient’sjredjbloodjcelljisjslightlyjelevatedjtoday.jThisjmightjbejexplainedjbyj(Selectjallj
thatjapply.)
a. genderjdifference.
b. situationaljfactors.
c. normaljvariation.
d. culturaljvariation.
e. illness.
ANS:j A,jB,jC,jE
Gender,jsituationsj(e.g.,jaltitude),jnormaljvariations,jandjillnessjmayjalljdeterminejredjbloodjce
lljcount.jCulturejaffectsjhowjmanifestationsjarejperceivedj(normaljversusjabnormal).



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, 2. Socioeconomicjfactorsjinfluencejdiseasejdevelopmentjbecausejofj(Selectjalljthatjapply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmentaljtoxins.
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
ANS:j B,jC,jD,jE
Socioeconomicjfactorsjinfluencejdiseasejdevelopmentjviajexposurejtojenvironmentaljtoxinsj(o
ccupational)jandjovercrowding,jnutritionj(over-
jorjundernutrition),jandjhygienej(e.g.,jinjdevelopingjcountries).jGeneticsjisjnotjinfluencedjbyjs
ocioeconomicjfactors.

TRUE/FALSE

1. Whenjthejcausejisjunknown,jajconditionjisjsaidjtojbejidiopathicjA

NS:j T
Manyjdiseasesjarejidiopathicjinjnature.

2. Thejnursejisjswabbingjajpatient’sjthroatjtojtestjforjstreptococcaljpharyngitis.jThejnursejmustjun
derstandjthatjtestsjsuchjasjthisjdifferjinjthejprobabilityjthatjtheyjwilljbejpositivejforjajconditionj
whenjappliedjtojajpersonjwithjthejcondition;jthisjprobabilityjisjtermedjsensitivity.

ANS:j T
Thejsensitivityjofjanyjtestjrefersjtojthejprobabilityjthatjthejtestjwilljbejpositivejwhenjappliedjtojaj
personjwithjthejconditionjandjwilljnotjprovidejajfalsejnegativejresult.jInjcontrast,jspecificityjisj
thejprobabilityjthatjajtestjwilljbejnegativejwhenjappliedjtojajpersonjwhojdoesjnotjhavejajgivenjc
ondition.


Chapterj02:jHomeostasis,jAllostasis,jandjAdaptivejResponsesjtojStressorsjBanasik:
jPathophysiology,j6thjEdition




MULTIPLEjCHOICE

1. Indicatorsjthatjanjindividualjisjexperiencingjhighjstressjincludejalljthejfollowingjexcept
a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increasedjperipheraljresistance.
d. pupiljconstriction.
ANS:j D
Pupilsjdilatejduringjstressjfromjthejeffectsjofjcatecholamines.jTachycardia,jdiaphoresis,jandjin
creasedjperipheraljresistancejarejindicatorsjofjstressjandjalsojoccurjbecausejofjcatecholaminejr
elease.

2. Whichjisjnotjnormallyjsecretedjinjresponsejtojstress?
a. Norepinephrine
b. Cortisol
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