Fresenius exam QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
What bleach solution must all surfaces be cleaned with? - CORRECT ANSWERS 1:100
What bleach solution is used to disinfect large blood spills? - CORRECT ANSWERS 1:10
What is aseptic technique? - CORRECT ANSWERS A set of practices and procedures
performed under carefully controlled conditions with the goal of minimizing contamination by
pathogens.
List three blood borne pathogens that may be found in a dialysis unit? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Hep B, Hep C & HIV
What is an exposure incident? - CORRECT ANSWERS A blood/body fluid splash or spray
occurring to the eyes, nose or mouth or to non-intact skin. A contaminated sharps injury is also
considered an exposure incident.
What steps should you take during an exposure incident? - CORRECT ANSWERS 1.
Wash/rinse the area
2. Report incident to the clinical manager or charge nurse (if CM not present)
3. Seek medical treatment w/in 1-2 hrs (exposure tx and counseling)
4.OSHA documentation and workman's comp documentation as applies
Why are Hep B patients dialyzed in isolation rooms? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Hep B is
extremely contagious
-It can live outside the body for up to 7 days
Why are Hep C patients dialyzed in the clinic area and not in isolation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
-Hep C is not as contagious as Hep B
-It does not survive very long on the outside of the body
What blood test indicates infection with Hep B? - CORRECT ANSWERS HbsAg is the test for
the Hep B antigen. This indicates actual viral presence.
Which blood test indicates the presence of immunity against Hep B? - CORRECT ANSWERS
HbsAb is the test for the antibodies. It indicates the presence of immunity against Hepatitis B.
Which vaccine provides long-term immunity to Hep B? - CORRECT ANSWERS Multiple
injections of either Recombivax or Engerix vaccine. They help produce Hep B antibodies
How is TB spread? - CORRECT ANSWERS Airborne droplets from infected individuals
How do you prevent TB in the clinic? - CORRECT ANSWERS Active TB patients cannot dialyze
in clinics. Pt must have 3 consecutive negative sputum cultures before the can return dialyzing in clinic.
, What are VRE & MRSA? - CORRECT ANSWERS VRE: a group of gram-negative bacteria that
lve in he intestinal tract that can cause infection anywhere in the body. They are resistant to several
antibiotics. VRE can survive outside of the body on surfaces for as long as seven days.
MRSA: different varieties staph bacteria. They are normally found on the skin or in the nose of about 1/3
of people. When a person is infected they are resistant to antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary
staph infections. MRSA can survive outside the body for as long as 7 days.
What precautions do you take while caring for a MRSA/VRE patient? - CORRECT ANSWERS
They do not need isolation but should be seated in the same area as others infected. Proper designated
PPE should be worn specifically for those patients. HANDWASHING only 40-60 seconds. They need to
have their own bp cuff, stethoscope, tourniquet etc. Open wounds/ dressing should never be changed in
the clinic. CVC dressings should be disposed of in sharp container.
What are the anatomical structures of the urnary system in order of urine flow? - CORRECT ANSWERS
1. 2 Kidneys
2. 2 Ureters
3. Bladder
4. Urethra
What are the functions of a healthy kidney? - CORRECT ANSWERS -remove waste
-remove fluids
-regulate pH
-regulate electrolytes
What are the hormonal functions of the kidneys? - CORRECT ANSWERS -release renin to
help regulate or control BP, potassium and sodium
-production of erythropoietin: stimulates RBC production
-regulation of calcium/phosphorus balance through activation of Vitamin D
What is the nephron and what is its function? - CORRECT ANSWERS It is the functional unit
of the kidney. It filters blood from the urine.
What is the glomerulus and what is its function? - CORRECT ANSWERS It is at the beginning
of the nephron, it's a network of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering the blood. It filters
water and solutes into Bowman's capsule.
What two functions of healthy kidneys can be replaced by dialysis? - CORRECT ANSWERS -
fluid removal
-cleaning of wastes
What is the difference between acute renal failure and chronic renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Acute: sudden rapid onset; severe but often reversible
Chronic: slow, progressive and premanent
What are three common causes of renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWERS 1.Diabetic
nephropathy or glomeruloscerosis
2. Hypertension
3. Glomerulonephritis
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
What bleach solution must all surfaces be cleaned with? - CORRECT ANSWERS 1:100
What bleach solution is used to disinfect large blood spills? - CORRECT ANSWERS 1:10
What is aseptic technique? - CORRECT ANSWERS A set of practices and procedures
performed under carefully controlled conditions with the goal of minimizing contamination by
pathogens.
List three blood borne pathogens that may be found in a dialysis unit? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Hep B, Hep C & HIV
What is an exposure incident? - CORRECT ANSWERS A blood/body fluid splash or spray
occurring to the eyes, nose or mouth or to non-intact skin. A contaminated sharps injury is also
considered an exposure incident.
What steps should you take during an exposure incident? - CORRECT ANSWERS 1.
Wash/rinse the area
2. Report incident to the clinical manager or charge nurse (if CM not present)
3. Seek medical treatment w/in 1-2 hrs (exposure tx and counseling)
4.OSHA documentation and workman's comp documentation as applies
Why are Hep B patients dialyzed in isolation rooms? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Hep B is
extremely contagious
-It can live outside the body for up to 7 days
Why are Hep C patients dialyzed in the clinic area and not in isolation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
-Hep C is not as contagious as Hep B
-It does not survive very long on the outside of the body
What blood test indicates infection with Hep B? - CORRECT ANSWERS HbsAg is the test for
the Hep B antigen. This indicates actual viral presence.
Which blood test indicates the presence of immunity against Hep B? - CORRECT ANSWERS
HbsAb is the test for the antibodies. It indicates the presence of immunity against Hepatitis B.
Which vaccine provides long-term immunity to Hep B? - CORRECT ANSWERS Multiple
injections of either Recombivax or Engerix vaccine. They help produce Hep B antibodies
How is TB spread? - CORRECT ANSWERS Airborne droplets from infected individuals
How do you prevent TB in the clinic? - CORRECT ANSWERS Active TB patients cannot dialyze
in clinics. Pt must have 3 consecutive negative sputum cultures before the can return dialyzing in clinic.
, What are VRE & MRSA? - CORRECT ANSWERS VRE: a group of gram-negative bacteria that
lve in he intestinal tract that can cause infection anywhere in the body. They are resistant to several
antibiotics. VRE can survive outside of the body on surfaces for as long as seven days.
MRSA: different varieties staph bacteria. They are normally found on the skin or in the nose of about 1/3
of people. When a person is infected they are resistant to antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary
staph infections. MRSA can survive outside the body for as long as 7 days.
What precautions do you take while caring for a MRSA/VRE patient? - CORRECT ANSWERS
They do not need isolation but should be seated in the same area as others infected. Proper designated
PPE should be worn specifically for those patients. HANDWASHING only 40-60 seconds. They need to
have their own bp cuff, stethoscope, tourniquet etc. Open wounds/ dressing should never be changed in
the clinic. CVC dressings should be disposed of in sharp container.
What are the anatomical structures of the urnary system in order of urine flow? - CORRECT ANSWERS
1. 2 Kidneys
2. 2 Ureters
3. Bladder
4. Urethra
What are the functions of a healthy kidney? - CORRECT ANSWERS -remove waste
-remove fluids
-regulate pH
-regulate electrolytes
What are the hormonal functions of the kidneys? - CORRECT ANSWERS -release renin to
help regulate or control BP, potassium and sodium
-production of erythropoietin: stimulates RBC production
-regulation of calcium/phosphorus balance through activation of Vitamin D
What is the nephron and what is its function? - CORRECT ANSWERS It is the functional unit
of the kidney. It filters blood from the urine.
What is the glomerulus and what is its function? - CORRECT ANSWERS It is at the beginning
of the nephron, it's a network of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering the blood. It filters
water and solutes into Bowman's capsule.
What two functions of healthy kidneys can be replaced by dialysis? - CORRECT ANSWERS -
fluid removal
-cleaning of wastes
What is the difference between acute renal failure and chronic renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Acute: sudden rapid onset; severe but often reversible
Chronic: slow, progressive and premanent
What are three common causes of renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWERS 1.Diabetic
nephropathy or glomeruloscerosis
2. Hypertension
3. Glomerulonephritis
