2
NUR 1141 Pharmacotherapeutics Unit 2 Exam with verified detailed
|| || || || || || || || ||
answers
Pain
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
damage
Acute Pain ||
Pain that is sudden in onset, usually subsides when treated, and typically occurs over less
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
than a 6-week period.
|| || ||
Agonist
A substance that binds to a receptor and causes a response
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Analgesics
Medications that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness || || || || || || || ||
Antagonist
A drug that binds to a receptor and blocks a response
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Chronic Pain ||
Persistent or recurring pain that is often difficult to treat. Includes any pain lasting longer
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
than 3 to 6 months, pain lasting longer than 1 month after healing of an acute injury, or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
pain that accompanies a nonhealing tissue injury.
|| || || || || ||
Opioid Analgesics ||
synthetic drugs that bind to opiate receptors to relieve pain
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Tolerance
The general term for a state in which repetitive exposure to a given drug, over time, induces
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
changes in drug receptors that reduce the drugs effects (same as physical dependence)
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Somatic Pain ||
Pain that originates from skeletal muscles, ligaments, or joints.
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Deep pain ||
,2
pain that occurs in tissues below skin level; opposite of superficial pain
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Vascular pain ||
pain that results from pathology of the vascular or perivascular tissues
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Viceral pain ||
pain in organs
|| ||
Superficial pain ||
Pain that originates from the skin or mucous membranes; opposite of deep pain.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Referred pain ||
pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Neuropathic pain ||
pain from damage to neurons of either the peripheral or central nervous system
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Phantom pain ||
pain or discomfort felt in an amputated limb
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Cancer Pain ||
pain resulting from any of a variety of causes related to cancer and/or the metastasis of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
cancer
Central pain ||
Pain resulting from any disorder that causes central nervous system damage.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Massaging painful area || ||
stimulates large sensory fibers. || || ||
Result
Closes gate
||
Reduces pain sensation || ||
Mild Agonists (Opioid Drugs)
|| || ||
codeine and hydrocodone
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Strong Agonists (Opioid Drugs)
|| || ||
, 2
morphine, hydromorphone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, meperidine, fentanyl, and
|| || || || || || ||
methadone
Meperidine (Demerol) ||
not recommended for long-term use because of the accumulation of a neurotoxic
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
metabolite, normeperidine, which can cause seizures || || || || ||
Opioid Analgesics: Mechanism of Action
|| || || ||
Three classifications based on their actions
|| || || || ||
-Agonists
-Agonists-antagonists
-Antagonists (nonanalgesic) ||
Agonists-Antagonists
Bind to a pain receptor
|| || || ||
Cause a weaker neurologic response than a full agonist
|| || || || || || || ||
Also called partial agonist or mixed agonist
|| || || || || ||
Opioids are also used for || || || ||
cough suppression, treatment of diarrhea, balanced anesthesia
|| || || || || ||
Opioid Analgesics: Contraindications
|| ||
Known drug allergy || ||
Severe asthma ||
Use with extreme caution in patients with:
|| || || || || ||
Respiratory insufficiency ||
Elevated intracranial pressure || ||
Morbid obesity and/or sleep apnea || || || ||
Paralytic ileus ||
Pregnancy
Opioid Analgesics: Adverse Effects
|| || ||
CNS depression
||
NUR 1141 Pharmacotherapeutics Unit 2 Exam with verified detailed
|| || || || || || || || ||
answers
Pain
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
damage
Acute Pain ||
Pain that is sudden in onset, usually subsides when treated, and typically occurs over less
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
than a 6-week period.
|| || ||
Agonist
A substance that binds to a receptor and causes a response
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Analgesics
Medications that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness || || || || || || || ||
Antagonist
A drug that binds to a receptor and blocks a response
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Chronic Pain ||
Persistent or recurring pain that is often difficult to treat. Includes any pain lasting longer
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
than 3 to 6 months, pain lasting longer than 1 month after healing of an acute injury, or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
pain that accompanies a nonhealing tissue injury.
|| || || || || ||
Opioid Analgesics ||
synthetic drugs that bind to opiate receptors to relieve pain
|| || || || || || || || ||
Tolerance
The general term for a state in which repetitive exposure to a given drug, over time, induces
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
changes in drug receptors that reduce the drugs effects (same as physical dependence)
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Somatic Pain ||
Pain that originates from skeletal muscles, ligaments, or joints.
|| || || || || || || ||
Deep pain ||
,2
pain that occurs in tissues below skin level; opposite of superficial pain
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Vascular pain ||
pain that results from pathology of the vascular or perivascular tissues
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Viceral pain ||
pain in organs
|| ||
Superficial pain ||
Pain that originates from the skin or mucous membranes; opposite of deep pain.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Referred pain ||
pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Neuropathic pain ||
pain from damage to neurons of either the peripheral or central nervous system
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Phantom pain ||
pain or discomfort felt in an amputated limb
|| || || || || || ||
Cancer Pain ||
pain resulting from any of a variety of causes related to cancer and/or the metastasis of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
cancer
Central pain ||
Pain resulting from any disorder that causes central nervous system damage.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Massaging painful area || ||
stimulates large sensory fibers. || || ||
Result
Closes gate
||
Reduces pain sensation || ||
Mild Agonists (Opioid Drugs)
|| || ||
codeine and hydrocodone
|| ||
Strong Agonists (Opioid Drugs)
|| || ||
, 2
morphine, hydromorphone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, meperidine, fentanyl, and
|| || || || || || ||
methadone
Meperidine (Demerol) ||
not recommended for long-term use because of the accumulation of a neurotoxic
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
metabolite, normeperidine, which can cause seizures || || || || ||
Opioid Analgesics: Mechanism of Action
|| || || ||
Three classifications based on their actions
|| || || || ||
-Agonists
-Agonists-antagonists
-Antagonists (nonanalgesic) ||
Agonists-Antagonists
Bind to a pain receptor
|| || || ||
Cause a weaker neurologic response than a full agonist
|| || || || || || || ||
Also called partial agonist or mixed agonist
|| || || || || ||
Opioids are also used for || || || ||
cough suppression, treatment of diarrhea, balanced anesthesia
|| || || || || ||
Opioid Analgesics: Contraindications
|| ||
Known drug allergy || ||
Severe asthma ||
Use with extreme caution in patients with:
|| || || || || ||
Respiratory insufficiency ||
Elevated intracranial pressure || ||
Morbid obesity and/or sleep apnea || || || ||
Paralytic ileus ||
Pregnancy
Opioid Analgesics: Adverse Effects
|| || ||
CNS depression
||
