2
NUR 334 pharm exam 2 with precise detailed answers
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what drug class does gentamicin belong to?
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Aminoglycosides
What is the indicated use of aminoglycosides?
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- Treat severe infections of the abdomen and urinary tract, hospital acquired pneumonia,
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bacteremia, and endocarditis || ||
- serious gram-negative bacterial infections and infections caused by staphylococci when
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penicillins or other less toxic drugs are contraindicated
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Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis?
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tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides || ||
what are the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin?
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- absorption: well absorbed IM and IV
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- distribution: widely distributed in extracellular fluid, cross placenta, small amount enters
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breast milk, poor penetration into CSF
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- metabolism and excretion: >90% renal
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- half life: 2-4 hr or longer in renal impairment
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,2
What drugs fall into the aminoglycoside drug class?
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gentamicin, streptomycin, amikacin, neomycin, trobramicin
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What are the most common side effects and adverse effects of aminoglycosides (symptoms
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associated)?
- ototoxicity: ringing in the ears
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- anemia: fatigue, feeling cold, dizziness, pallor
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- thrombocytopenia: excessive bruising, petechiae, excessive bleeding
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- nephrotoxicity: oliguria, edema, hypertension
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What is oliguria?
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-Less than 500 cc of urine in 24 hours
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-low urine output
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What is the concern when a patient is experiencing oliguria?
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, 2
- impaired renal function possibly due to nephrotoxicity of a med or illness
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- can alter the electrolyte balance and fluid balance of the body resulting in
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hypo/hypernatremia or hypo/hyperkalemia || ||
What is a broad spectrum antibiotic?
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A drug effective against a wide variety of microbial species
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when would a narrow spectrum antibiotic be used?
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- used for the specific infection when the causative organism is known.
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- They will not kill as many of the normal micro organisms in the body as the broad
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
spectrum antibiotics ||
What are the common side effects of penicillins?
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n/v/d, epigastric distress, pain at IM injection site, phlebitis at IV site, rash
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what are the serious adverse reactions associated with penicillin?
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CDAD (C. diff diarrhea), hypersensitivity reactions, steven-johnson disease
|| || || || || || ||
NUR 334 pharm exam 2 with precise detailed answers
|| || || || || || || ||
what drug class does gentamicin belong to?
|| || || || || ||
Aminoglycosides
What is the indicated use of aminoglycosides?
|| || || || || ||
- Treat severe infections of the abdomen and urinary tract, hospital acquired pneumonia,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
bacteremia, and endocarditis || ||
- serious gram-negative bacterial infections and infections caused by staphylococci when
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
penicillins or other less toxic drugs are contraindicated
|| || || || || || ||
Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis?
|| || || ||
tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides || ||
what are the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin?
|| || || || ||
- absorption: well absorbed IM and IV
|| || || || || ||
- distribution: widely distributed in extracellular fluid, cross placenta, small amount enters
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
breast milk, poor penetration into CSF
|| || || || ||
- metabolism and excretion: >90% renal
|| || || || ||
- half life: 2-4 hr or longer in renal impairment
|| || || || || || || || ||
,2
What drugs fall into the aminoglycoside drug class?
|| || || || || || ||
gentamicin, streptomycin, amikacin, neomycin, trobramicin
|| || || ||
What are the most common side effects and adverse effects of aminoglycosides (symptoms
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
associated)?
- ototoxicity: ringing in the ears
|| || || || ||
- anemia: fatigue, feeling cold, dizziness, pallor
|| || || || || ||
- thrombocytopenia: excessive bruising, petechiae, excessive bleeding
|| || || || || ||
- nephrotoxicity: oliguria, edema, hypertension
|| || || ||
What is oliguria?
|| ||
-Less than 500 cc of urine in 24 hours
|| || || || || || || ||
-low urine output
|| ||
What is the concern when a patient is experiencing oliguria?
|| || || || || || || || ||
, 2
- impaired renal function possibly due to nephrotoxicity of a med or illness
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
- can alter the electrolyte balance and fluid balance of the body resulting in
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
hypo/hypernatremia or hypo/hyperkalemia || ||
What is a broad spectrum antibiotic?
|| || || || ||
A drug effective against a wide variety of microbial species
|| || || || || || || || ||
when would a narrow spectrum antibiotic be used?
|| || || || || || ||
- used for the specific infection when the causative organism is known.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
- They will not kill as many of the normal micro organisms in the body as the broad
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
spectrum antibiotics ||
What are the common side effects of penicillins?
|| || || || || || ||
n/v/d, epigastric distress, pain at IM injection site, phlebitis at IV site, rash
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
what are the serious adverse reactions associated with penicillin?
|| || || || || || || ||
CDAD (C. diff diarrhea), hypersensitivity reactions, steven-johnson disease
|| || || || || || ||
