2
NURS 1141 Exam 2 with verified detailed solutions
|| || || || || || ||
What is the major Extracellular electrolyte?
|| || || || ||
Sodium
What does low osmolality mean in regard to sodium?
|| || || || || || || ||
Dilute sodium ||
What does high osmolality mean in regard to sodium?
|| || || || || || || ||
Concentrated sodium ||
What is the rule of thumb when it comes to sodium?
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Salt follows water
|| ||
high and dry
|| ||
low and wet
|| ||
What lab can indirectly assess osmolality?
|| || || || ||
Urine specific gravity
|| ||
,2
Hypovolemia
Low blood/fluid volume
|| ||
Hypervolemia
Increased blood volume || ||
Potassium range ||
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
||
Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
Sodium range ||
135-145 mEq/mL||
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
Albumin range ||
3.5-5
Hypoalbuminemia
,2
Hyperproteinemia
Hemoglobin range ||
12 - 18
|| ||
Male and Female || ||
What does osmotic pressure do?
|| || || ||
The physical force that prevents fluid from moving out and through a semi-permiable
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
membrane
Ex.) Hypotonic solution exerts less pressure, which allows to fluid to move into the cell
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is one reason to use hypertonic IV solutions?
|| || || || || || || ||
Decreasing high intercranial pressure || || ||
What complication can happen from rapid correction of sodium?
|| || || || || || || ||
Osmotic demylenation syndrome || ||
How does osmotic demylenation syndrome present?
|| || || || ||
Ataxia
, 2
Confusion
Slurred speech ||
Drooling
Tremor
Weakness
What is oncotic pressure?
|| || ||
Similar to osmotic pressure but exerted by colloids or proteins
|| || || || || || || || ||
What is a colloid? || || ||
A term that references big molecules (albumin or protein) that exert pressure that can help
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
hold onto fluid or draw fluid towards it.
|| || || || || || ||
What occurs with a patient with protein malnutrition regarding fluid?
|| || || || || || || || ||
These patients cannot hold onto fluid in the intervascular space, the fluid will leak out into
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the dependent interstitial space of least resistance
|| || || || || ||
This manifests as swelling in the abdomen or ankles
|| || || || || || || ||
What is hydrostatic pressure?
|| || ||
The force of fluid in a compartment pushing against a cell membrane or a vessel wall
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
NURS 1141 Exam 2 with verified detailed solutions
|| || || || || || ||
What is the major Extracellular electrolyte?
|| || || || ||
Sodium
What does low osmolality mean in regard to sodium?
|| || || || || || || ||
Dilute sodium ||
What does high osmolality mean in regard to sodium?
|| || || || || || || ||
Concentrated sodium ||
What is the rule of thumb when it comes to sodium?
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Salt follows water
|| ||
high and dry
|| ||
low and wet
|| ||
What lab can indirectly assess osmolality?
|| || || || ||
Urine specific gravity
|| ||
,2
Hypovolemia
Low blood/fluid volume
|| ||
Hypervolemia
Increased blood volume || ||
Potassium range ||
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
||
Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
Sodium range ||
135-145 mEq/mL||
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
Albumin range ||
3.5-5
Hypoalbuminemia
,2
Hyperproteinemia
Hemoglobin range ||
12 - 18
|| ||
Male and Female || ||
What does osmotic pressure do?
|| || || ||
The physical force that prevents fluid from moving out and through a semi-permiable
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
membrane
Ex.) Hypotonic solution exerts less pressure, which allows to fluid to move into the cell
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is one reason to use hypertonic IV solutions?
|| || || || || || || ||
Decreasing high intercranial pressure || || ||
What complication can happen from rapid correction of sodium?
|| || || || || || || ||
Osmotic demylenation syndrome || ||
How does osmotic demylenation syndrome present?
|| || || || ||
Ataxia
, 2
Confusion
Slurred speech ||
Drooling
Tremor
Weakness
What is oncotic pressure?
|| || ||
Similar to osmotic pressure but exerted by colloids or proteins
|| || || || || || || || ||
What is a colloid? || || ||
A term that references big molecules (albumin or protein) that exert pressure that can help
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
hold onto fluid or draw fluid towards it.
|| || || || || || ||
What occurs with a patient with protein malnutrition regarding fluid?
|| || || || || || || || ||
These patients cannot hold onto fluid in the intervascular space, the fluid will leak out into
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the dependent interstitial space of least resistance
|| || || || || ||
This manifests as swelling in the abdomen or ankles
|| || || || || || || ||
What is hydrostatic pressure?
|| || ||
The force of fluid in a compartment pushing against a cell membrane or a vessel wall
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
