PSY 383 EXAM 3 QUESTION AND
ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED
2025/2026
Amnesia - correct answer ✔Severe memory impairment
Anterograde Amnesia - correct answer ✔A severe loss of the ability to form new declarative memories.
Association Cortex - correct answer ✔Areas of the cerebral cortex involved in associating information
within and across sensory modalities.
Basal Forebrain - correct answer ✔A collection of structures that lie at the base of the forebrain and
are important in the production of acetylcholine that is distributed throughout the brain.
Confabulation - correct answer ✔A behavior in which individuals, when asked to remember past
events, respond with highly detailed but false memories; associated with some forms of amnesia.
Consolidation Period - correct answer ✔The process by which the brain converts short-term memory
into long-term memory. Through this process the brain creates a neural map, allowing memories to be
retrieved when they are needed.
A length of time during which new episodic memories and semantic memories are vulnerable and easily
lost or altered; each time a memory is recalled, it may become vulnerable again until it has been
"reconsolidated."
Cued Recall - correct answer ✔A memory test that involves some kind of prompt or cue to aid recall.
,Declarative Memory - correct answer ✔A broad class of memories, both semantic and episodic, that
can typically be verbalized ("declared") or explicitly communicated in some other way.
Directed Forgetting - correct answer ✔A procedure in which subjects are first asked to learn
information and later asked to remember or forget specific items; typically, memory is worse for items a
subject was directed to forget.
Electroconvulsive Shock - correct answer ✔A brief pulse of electricity that is passed through the brain
and can severely disrupt newly formed memories; sometimes used to alleviate severe depression
Encoding Specificity Effect - correct answer ✔The principle that retrieval is likely to be more successful
if the cues and contextual conditions present at recall are similar to those that were present at
encoding.
Episodic Memory - correct answer ✔Memory for personal experience of specific autobiographical
events; it includes information about the spatial and temporal contexts in which the event occurred.
Explicit Memory - correct answer ✔A category of memory that includes semantic memory and episodic
memory and that consists of memories of which the person is aware: you know that you know the
information.
False Memory - correct answer ✔Memory for events that never actually happened.
Fornix - correct answer ✔A fiber bundle that connects subcortical structures, including the basal
forebrain, to the hippocampus.
Free Recall - correct answer ✔A memory test that involves simply generating requested information
from memory.
, Frontal Cortex - correct answer ✔The regions of cortex that lie within the frontal lobes and that may
play a role in determining which memories are stored and in producing metamemory for that
information.
Functional Amnesia - correct answer ✔A sudden retrograde memory loss that seems to result from
psychological causes rather than physical causes such as brain injury; also called psychogenic amnesia.
Hippocampus - correct answer ✔A brain structure located in the medial temporal lobe that is
important in the formation and storage of new declarative memories.
Implicit Memory - correct answer ✔Memory that occurs without the learner's awareness.
Interference - correct answer ✔Reduction in the strength of a memory due to overlap with the content
of other memories.
Levels-of-Processing Effect - correct answer ✔The finding that, in general, deeper processing (such as
thinking about the semantic meaning of a word) leads to better recall of the information than shallow
processing (such as thinking about the spelling or pronunciation of the word).
Medial Temporal Lobes - correct answer ✔The medial (or inner) surface of the temporal lobes that
contains the hippocampus, the amygdala, and other structures important for memory.
Metamemory - correct answer ✔Knowledge of, and ability to think about, our own memories,
including both feeling of knowing and judgment of learning.
Multiple Trace Theory - correct answer ✔The theory that episodic (and possibly semantic) memories
are encoded by an ensemble of hippocampal and cortical neurons and that both the hippocampus and
cortex are normally involved in storing and retrieving even very old memories.
ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED
2025/2026
Amnesia - correct answer ✔Severe memory impairment
Anterograde Amnesia - correct answer ✔A severe loss of the ability to form new declarative memories.
Association Cortex - correct answer ✔Areas of the cerebral cortex involved in associating information
within and across sensory modalities.
Basal Forebrain - correct answer ✔A collection of structures that lie at the base of the forebrain and
are important in the production of acetylcholine that is distributed throughout the brain.
Confabulation - correct answer ✔A behavior in which individuals, when asked to remember past
events, respond with highly detailed but false memories; associated with some forms of amnesia.
Consolidation Period - correct answer ✔The process by which the brain converts short-term memory
into long-term memory. Through this process the brain creates a neural map, allowing memories to be
retrieved when they are needed.
A length of time during which new episodic memories and semantic memories are vulnerable and easily
lost or altered; each time a memory is recalled, it may become vulnerable again until it has been
"reconsolidated."
Cued Recall - correct answer ✔A memory test that involves some kind of prompt or cue to aid recall.
,Declarative Memory - correct answer ✔A broad class of memories, both semantic and episodic, that
can typically be verbalized ("declared") or explicitly communicated in some other way.
Directed Forgetting - correct answer ✔A procedure in which subjects are first asked to learn
information and later asked to remember or forget specific items; typically, memory is worse for items a
subject was directed to forget.
Electroconvulsive Shock - correct answer ✔A brief pulse of electricity that is passed through the brain
and can severely disrupt newly formed memories; sometimes used to alleviate severe depression
Encoding Specificity Effect - correct answer ✔The principle that retrieval is likely to be more successful
if the cues and contextual conditions present at recall are similar to those that were present at
encoding.
Episodic Memory - correct answer ✔Memory for personal experience of specific autobiographical
events; it includes information about the spatial and temporal contexts in which the event occurred.
Explicit Memory - correct answer ✔A category of memory that includes semantic memory and episodic
memory and that consists of memories of which the person is aware: you know that you know the
information.
False Memory - correct answer ✔Memory for events that never actually happened.
Fornix - correct answer ✔A fiber bundle that connects subcortical structures, including the basal
forebrain, to the hippocampus.
Free Recall - correct answer ✔A memory test that involves simply generating requested information
from memory.
, Frontal Cortex - correct answer ✔The regions of cortex that lie within the frontal lobes and that may
play a role in determining which memories are stored and in producing metamemory for that
information.
Functional Amnesia - correct answer ✔A sudden retrograde memory loss that seems to result from
psychological causes rather than physical causes such as brain injury; also called psychogenic amnesia.
Hippocampus - correct answer ✔A brain structure located in the medial temporal lobe that is
important in the formation and storage of new declarative memories.
Implicit Memory - correct answer ✔Memory that occurs without the learner's awareness.
Interference - correct answer ✔Reduction in the strength of a memory due to overlap with the content
of other memories.
Levels-of-Processing Effect - correct answer ✔The finding that, in general, deeper processing (such as
thinking about the semantic meaning of a word) leads to better recall of the information than shallow
processing (such as thinking about the spelling or pronunciation of the word).
Medial Temporal Lobes - correct answer ✔The medial (or inner) surface of the temporal lobes that
contains the hippocampus, the amygdala, and other structures important for memory.
Metamemory - correct answer ✔Knowledge of, and ability to think about, our own memories,
including both feeling of knowing and judgment of learning.
Multiple Trace Theory - correct answer ✔The theory that episodic (and possibly semantic) memories
are encoded by an ensemble of hippocampal and cortical neurons and that both the hippocampus and
cortex are normally involved in storing and retrieving even very old memories.
