HED 109 Final Exam QUESTIONS N
ANSWERS RATED A+
How is asthma categorized? - ANS ✔✔Reversible lumen wall inflammation which results in
airway obstruction.
What are the two categories of asthma? - ANS ✔✔Intrinsic asthma (unknown internal causes)
and extrinsic asthma (allergies)
What is "extrinsic" asthma? - ANS ✔✔Asthma induced by known external factors, usually
allergies.
What changes occur during an acute asthma episode? - ANS ✔✔An environmental trigger
results in bronchoconstriction, inflammation, and increased mucus production (no alveolar
collapse)
What is the significance of elevated LDLs? - ANS ✔✔LDLs stick to vessel walls which contributes
to blood clot formation which results in increased risk of heart disease.
Describe the characteristics of stable angina. - ANS ✔✔Symptoms decrease less than 5 minutes
with Nitroglycerin and rest. Pain worsens with exertion.
What are the main differences between R. HF vs L. HF? - ANS ✔✔R. HF results in edema in torso
and legs while L. HF results in edema in lungs.
How is most of the carbon dioxide transported in the blood? - ANS ✔✔As a gas through
bicarbonate, dissolved in plasma or carbamino compounds. The greatest bulk of CO2 transport
is through bicarbonate.
, Ongoing diarrhea and lower intestinal fluid losses may contribute to what acid/base disorder? -
ANS ✔✔Metabolic acidosis
Continuous vomiting of stomach contents or continuous NG suction may lead to what acid/base
disorder? - ANS ✔✔Metabolic alkalosis
What is the common denominator in all forms of HF? - ANS ✔✔Decreased cardiac output.
What is apoptosis? - ANS ✔✔Planned programmed cell suicide
What is metaplasia? (reversible) - ANS ✔✔Conversion of one cell type to another
What is hypertrophy? (reversible) - ANS ✔✔Increased cell size, increase of cell mass,
augmented functional capacity.
Hyperplasia - ANS ✔✔increase of cell number, mitotic division, callused knee
What is atrophy? - ANS ✔✔decrease of cell size; cell shrink and reduce, differentiated functions
What is dysplasia? - ANS ✔✔"disorderly" growth; often preneoplastic
What is gangrene? (reversible) - ANS ✔✔Cell death involving a large area of tissue
Necrosis ( not reversible) - ANS ✔✔Death and degradation of body cells or tissue in response to
irreversible injurious events
ANSWERS RATED A+
How is asthma categorized? - ANS ✔✔Reversible lumen wall inflammation which results in
airway obstruction.
What are the two categories of asthma? - ANS ✔✔Intrinsic asthma (unknown internal causes)
and extrinsic asthma (allergies)
What is "extrinsic" asthma? - ANS ✔✔Asthma induced by known external factors, usually
allergies.
What changes occur during an acute asthma episode? - ANS ✔✔An environmental trigger
results in bronchoconstriction, inflammation, and increased mucus production (no alveolar
collapse)
What is the significance of elevated LDLs? - ANS ✔✔LDLs stick to vessel walls which contributes
to blood clot formation which results in increased risk of heart disease.
Describe the characteristics of stable angina. - ANS ✔✔Symptoms decrease less than 5 minutes
with Nitroglycerin and rest. Pain worsens with exertion.
What are the main differences between R. HF vs L. HF? - ANS ✔✔R. HF results in edema in torso
and legs while L. HF results in edema in lungs.
How is most of the carbon dioxide transported in the blood? - ANS ✔✔As a gas through
bicarbonate, dissolved in plasma or carbamino compounds. The greatest bulk of CO2 transport
is through bicarbonate.
, Ongoing diarrhea and lower intestinal fluid losses may contribute to what acid/base disorder? -
ANS ✔✔Metabolic acidosis
Continuous vomiting of stomach contents or continuous NG suction may lead to what acid/base
disorder? - ANS ✔✔Metabolic alkalosis
What is the common denominator in all forms of HF? - ANS ✔✔Decreased cardiac output.
What is apoptosis? - ANS ✔✔Planned programmed cell suicide
What is metaplasia? (reversible) - ANS ✔✔Conversion of one cell type to another
What is hypertrophy? (reversible) - ANS ✔✔Increased cell size, increase of cell mass,
augmented functional capacity.
Hyperplasia - ANS ✔✔increase of cell number, mitotic division, callused knee
What is atrophy? - ANS ✔✔decrease of cell size; cell shrink and reduce, differentiated functions
What is dysplasia? - ANS ✔✔"disorderly" growth; often preneoplastic
What is gangrene? (reversible) - ANS ✔✔Cell death involving a large area of tissue
Necrosis ( not reversible) - ANS ✔✔Death and degradation of body cells or tissue in response to
irreversible injurious events
