Health Assessment Exam 1 Study Guide
1. *Assessment*: *Assessment* is the collection of subjective and objective data about a patient's health.
2. *Subjective data*: *Subjective data* consist of information provided by the attected individual.
3. *Objective data*: *Objective data* include information obtained by the health care provider through physical assessment, the patient's record, and
laboratory studies.
4. *The database*: The *database* is the totality of information available about the patient. The purpose of assessment is to make a judgment or diagnosis.
5. *Diagnostic reasoning*: *Diagnostic reasoning* is the process of analyzing health data and drawing conclusions to identify diagnoses.
6. Diagnostic reasoning has which four major components?: *Diagnostic reasoning* has which four major components?
(1) *Attending to* initially available *cues*, which are pieces of information, signs, symptoms, or laboratory data;
(2) *Formulating diagnostic hypotheses*, which are tentative explanations for a cue or a set of cues and can serve as a basis for further investigation;
(3) *Gathering data* relative to the tentative hypotheses;
(4) *evaluating each hypothesis* with the new data collected, which leads to a final diagnosis.
7. The *nursing process* includes which six phases?: The *nursing process* includes which six phases?
(1) *assessment*,
(2) *diagnosis*,
(3) *outcome identification*,
(4) *planning*,
,(5) *implementation*, and
(6) *evaluation*.
It is a dynamic, interactive process in which practitioners move back and forth within the steps.
8. The *novice nurse*: The *novice nurse* has no experience with specific patient populations and uses rules to guide performance.
9. The *experienced nurse*: The *experienced nurse* understands a patient situation as a whole rather than as a list of tasks, attends to an assessment
data pattern, and acts without consciously labeling it.
10. *Critical thinking*: *Critical thinking* is the multidimensional thinking process needed for sound di- agnostic reasoning and clinical judgment.
Seventeen critical thinking skills have been identified, including *setting priorities.*
11. *First-level priority problems*: *First-level priority problems* are emergent, life-threatening, and immediate, such as establishing an
airway or supporting breathing.
12. *Second-level priority problems*: *Second-level priority problems* are next in urgency. They require prompt intervention to prevent
deterioration, and may include a mental status change or acute pain.
13. *Third-level priority problems*: *Third-level priority problems* are important to the patient's health, but can be addressed after
more urgent problems. Examples include lack of knowledge or family coping.
14. Evidence-based practice: Evidence-based practice is a systematic approach to practice that uses the
*best evidence,* the *clinician's experience,* and the *patient's preferences and values* to make decisions about care and treatment.
15. Every examiner needs to collect *four kinds of databases* based on the
situation. What are the four kinds of databases?: Every examiner needs to collect *four kinds of databases* based on the situation. What are the
four kinds of databases?
(1) A *complete (or total health) database* includes a complete health history and a full physical examination.
(2) A *focused (or problem-centered) database* is used for a limited or short-term problem. It is smaller in scope and more targeted than the complete
,database.
(3) A *follow-up database* evaluates the status of any identified problem at regular intervals to follow up on short-term or chronic health problems.
(4) An *emergency database* calls for rapid collection of data, which commonly occurs while performing lifesaving measures.
16. The *biomedical model*: The *biomedical model* of Western medicine views health as the absence
of disease. It focuses on collecting data on biophysical signs and symptoms and on curing disease.
17. The *holistic health model*: The *holistic health model* assesses the whole person because it views the mind, body, and spirit as
interdependent and functioning as a whole within the environment. Health depends on all these factors working together.
18. The concept of health also includes health promotion and disease preven-
tion.: ...
19. Health assessment also should consider what two other factors?: Health assess- ment also should consider what two
other factors?
(1) The usual and expected *developmental tasks* for each age group
(2) the *cultural beliefs and practices* of ditterent people. Obtaining a heritage assessment helps gather data that are accurate and meaningful and can guide
culturally sensitive and appropriate care.
20. According to the biomedical model, a narrow definition of health is:
A) an optimal functioning of mind, body, and spirit within the environment.
B) the absence of disease.
C) the response of the whole person to actual or potential problems.
D) prevention of disease.: According to the biomedical model, a narrow definition of health is:
, A) an optimal functioning of mind, body, and spirit within the environment. Feedback: INCORRECT
Nursing has an expanded concept of health; holistic health includes the mind, body, and spirit as interdependent and functioning as a whole within the environment.
*B) the absence of disease.*
*Feedback: CORRECT*
From a biomedical perspective, health is defined as the absence of disease or elimination of symptoms and signs of disease.
C) the response of the whole person to actual or potential problems. Feedback: INCORRECT
Nursing diagnoses are clinical judgments about a person's response to an actual or potential health state.
D) prevention of disease.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Health promotion and disease prevention are important aspects of nursing's concept of health.
21. What type of data base is most appropriate when a rapid collection of data is required and often
compiled concurrently with life-saving measures?
A) Episodic
B) Follow-up
C) Emergency
D) Complete: What type of data base is most appropriate when a rapid collection of data is required and often compiled concurrently with life-saving measures?
A) Episodic
1. *Assessment*: *Assessment* is the collection of subjective and objective data about a patient's health.
2. *Subjective data*: *Subjective data* consist of information provided by the attected individual.
3. *Objective data*: *Objective data* include information obtained by the health care provider through physical assessment, the patient's record, and
laboratory studies.
4. *The database*: The *database* is the totality of information available about the patient. The purpose of assessment is to make a judgment or diagnosis.
5. *Diagnostic reasoning*: *Diagnostic reasoning* is the process of analyzing health data and drawing conclusions to identify diagnoses.
6. Diagnostic reasoning has which four major components?: *Diagnostic reasoning* has which four major components?
(1) *Attending to* initially available *cues*, which are pieces of information, signs, symptoms, or laboratory data;
(2) *Formulating diagnostic hypotheses*, which are tentative explanations for a cue or a set of cues and can serve as a basis for further investigation;
(3) *Gathering data* relative to the tentative hypotheses;
(4) *evaluating each hypothesis* with the new data collected, which leads to a final diagnosis.
7. The *nursing process* includes which six phases?: The *nursing process* includes which six phases?
(1) *assessment*,
(2) *diagnosis*,
(3) *outcome identification*,
(4) *planning*,
,(5) *implementation*, and
(6) *evaluation*.
It is a dynamic, interactive process in which practitioners move back and forth within the steps.
8. The *novice nurse*: The *novice nurse* has no experience with specific patient populations and uses rules to guide performance.
9. The *experienced nurse*: The *experienced nurse* understands a patient situation as a whole rather than as a list of tasks, attends to an assessment
data pattern, and acts without consciously labeling it.
10. *Critical thinking*: *Critical thinking* is the multidimensional thinking process needed for sound di- agnostic reasoning and clinical judgment.
Seventeen critical thinking skills have been identified, including *setting priorities.*
11. *First-level priority problems*: *First-level priority problems* are emergent, life-threatening, and immediate, such as establishing an
airway or supporting breathing.
12. *Second-level priority problems*: *Second-level priority problems* are next in urgency. They require prompt intervention to prevent
deterioration, and may include a mental status change or acute pain.
13. *Third-level priority problems*: *Third-level priority problems* are important to the patient's health, but can be addressed after
more urgent problems. Examples include lack of knowledge or family coping.
14. Evidence-based practice: Evidence-based practice is a systematic approach to practice that uses the
*best evidence,* the *clinician's experience,* and the *patient's preferences and values* to make decisions about care and treatment.
15. Every examiner needs to collect *four kinds of databases* based on the
situation. What are the four kinds of databases?: Every examiner needs to collect *four kinds of databases* based on the situation. What are the
four kinds of databases?
(1) A *complete (or total health) database* includes a complete health history and a full physical examination.
(2) A *focused (or problem-centered) database* is used for a limited or short-term problem. It is smaller in scope and more targeted than the complete
,database.
(3) A *follow-up database* evaluates the status of any identified problem at regular intervals to follow up on short-term or chronic health problems.
(4) An *emergency database* calls for rapid collection of data, which commonly occurs while performing lifesaving measures.
16. The *biomedical model*: The *biomedical model* of Western medicine views health as the absence
of disease. It focuses on collecting data on biophysical signs and symptoms and on curing disease.
17. The *holistic health model*: The *holistic health model* assesses the whole person because it views the mind, body, and spirit as
interdependent and functioning as a whole within the environment. Health depends on all these factors working together.
18. The concept of health also includes health promotion and disease preven-
tion.: ...
19. Health assessment also should consider what two other factors?: Health assess- ment also should consider what two
other factors?
(1) The usual and expected *developmental tasks* for each age group
(2) the *cultural beliefs and practices* of ditterent people. Obtaining a heritage assessment helps gather data that are accurate and meaningful and can guide
culturally sensitive and appropriate care.
20. According to the biomedical model, a narrow definition of health is:
A) an optimal functioning of mind, body, and spirit within the environment.
B) the absence of disease.
C) the response of the whole person to actual or potential problems.
D) prevention of disease.: According to the biomedical model, a narrow definition of health is:
, A) an optimal functioning of mind, body, and spirit within the environment. Feedback: INCORRECT
Nursing has an expanded concept of health; holistic health includes the mind, body, and spirit as interdependent and functioning as a whole within the environment.
*B) the absence of disease.*
*Feedback: CORRECT*
From a biomedical perspective, health is defined as the absence of disease or elimination of symptoms and signs of disease.
C) the response of the whole person to actual or potential problems. Feedback: INCORRECT
Nursing diagnoses are clinical judgments about a person's response to an actual or potential health state.
D) prevention of disease.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Health promotion and disease prevention are important aspects of nursing's concept of health.
21. What type of data base is most appropriate when a rapid collection of data is required and often
compiled concurrently with life-saving measures?
A) Episodic
B) Follow-up
C) Emergency
D) Complete: What type of data base is most appropriate when a rapid collection of data is required and often compiled concurrently with life-saving measures?
A) Episodic
