STEEP, PDSA, Lean & Six Sigma|Verified Questions with
Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
National Academy of Medicine:STEEP
Safety, Timeliness, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Equity, Patient-centeredness
William Deming
laid the foundation of quality control and management
PDSA
Plan, Do, Study, Act, also known as the Shewart Cycle
Plan Phase
Clear goals are set for quality improvement
Goals should be SMART:
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound
Do Phase
the intervention has begun and observations are recorded
Study Phase
the observations are analyzed, usually by examination of the process charts
Act Phase
Based on the analysis performed in the Study
phase, modifications to the intervention are made.
What management systems use PDSA cycle?
lean management system and Six Sigma
Who adopted the DMAIC cycle
Six Sigma
DMAIC stands for
Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control