ESTUDYR
NUR 376 – Pathophysiology Exam 1
Inflammation, Immunity, Cardiac, Fluids & Electrolytes, Acid–Base
1. Which physiologic change occurs during the vascular permeability phase of inflammation?
A. Vasoconstriction and platelet inhibition
B. Capillary dilation allowing fluid and WBC migration
C. Reduced endothelial pore size
D. Decreased blood flow to injured tissue
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inflammation causes vasodilation and opening of capillary pores, allowing plasma
proteins, platelets, and leukocytes to reach the injury site.
2. Cellular chemotaxis primarily results in which laboratory finding?
A. Anemia
B. Thrombocytopenia
C. Leukocytosis
D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemotactic signals stimulate bone marrow release of WBCs, increasing circulating
leukocytes.
3. Which mediator is responsible for fever, pain, and lethargy during systemic inflammation?
A. Histamine
B. Bradykinin
C. Prostaglandins and cytokines
D. Immunoglobulin G
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prostaglandins, TNF-α, and interleukins drive systemic inflammatory symptoms.
, ESTUDYR
4. Which acute-phase protein is commonly measured to assess inflammation severity?
A. Albumin
B. C-reactive protein (CRP)
C. Hemoglobin
D. Potassium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CRP rises rapidly in response to inflammation and infection.
5. Acute inflammation is best described as:
A. Persistent immune activation lasting years
B. Autoimmune tissue destruction
C. A short-term response that resolves after injury elimination
D. Granuloma formation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acute inflammation resolves once the offending agent is removed.
6. Which condition is most associated with chronic inflammation?
A. Influenza
B. Appendicitis
C. Tuberculosis
D. Acute bronchitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic inflammation occurs with persistent infections and autoimmune disorders.
7. During which stage of infection is the patient MOST contagious?
A. Incubation
B. Prodromal
C. Acute
D. Convalescent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Early symptoms begin, but immune response is not yet effective.
NUR 376 – Pathophysiology Exam 1
Inflammation, Immunity, Cardiac, Fluids & Electrolytes, Acid–Base
1. Which physiologic change occurs during the vascular permeability phase of inflammation?
A. Vasoconstriction and platelet inhibition
B. Capillary dilation allowing fluid and WBC migration
C. Reduced endothelial pore size
D. Decreased blood flow to injured tissue
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inflammation causes vasodilation and opening of capillary pores, allowing plasma
proteins, platelets, and leukocytes to reach the injury site.
2. Cellular chemotaxis primarily results in which laboratory finding?
A. Anemia
B. Thrombocytopenia
C. Leukocytosis
D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemotactic signals stimulate bone marrow release of WBCs, increasing circulating
leukocytes.
3. Which mediator is responsible for fever, pain, and lethargy during systemic inflammation?
A. Histamine
B. Bradykinin
C. Prostaglandins and cytokines
D. Immunoglobulin G
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prostaglandins, TNF-α, and interleukins drive systemic inflammatory symptoms.
, ESTUDYR
4. Which acute-phase protein is commonly measured to assess inflammation severity?
A. Albumin
B. C-reactive protein (CRP)
C. Hemoglobin
D. Potassium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CRP rises rapidly in response to inflammation and infection.
5. Acute inflammation is best described as:
A. Persistent immune activation lasting years
B. Autoimmune tissue destruction
C. A short-term response that resolves after injury elimination
D. Granuloma formation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acute inflammation resolves once the offending agent is removed.
6. Which condition is most associated with chronic inflammation?
A. Influenza
B. Appendicitis
C. Tuberculosis
D. Acute bronchitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic inflammation occurs with persistent infections and autoimmune disorders.
7. During which stage of infection is the patient MOST contagious?
A. Incubation
B. Prodromal
C. Acute
D. Convalescent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Early symptoms begin, but immune response is not yet effective.
