Summary HESI 4 Complete Study Guide 2020

HESI 4 Complete Study Guide 2020 – University of Arizona Chapter 10 Analgesic Drugs Overview • Pain management priority of nursing care, should incorporate both nonpharmaceutical and pharmaceutical methods • Analgesic: medications that relieve pain but do not cause loss of consciousness • Focus on opioids and adjuvant drugs Pain management • Tailored to each pts. need • Requires ongoing assessment and assessment of effectiveness • Nociceptors: sensory pain nerve receptors o Mu receptors: in dorsal horn of spinal cord and play the most crucial role o Kappa and Delta receptors are less important but still involved • Nociception: sensation of pain • Pain perception is linked to a number of mu receptors (lots of receptors, less sensitive) o Pain threshold: physiologic level of stimulus to produce painful sensation ▪ Similar in most individuals but has some genetic variability o Pain tolerance: psychological amount of pain a patient can endure without interfering with normal function Pain Classifications • Origination of pain can call for different types of drugs: o Somatic: NSAIDS. Originates from skeletal muscles, ligaments and joints o Visceral: opioids. Originates from organs and smooth muscles o Superficial: opioids. Originates from skin and mucous membranes o Deep: depends on what it is that is causing pain ( use of NSAIDs or OPIODS) Originates from tissues below skin level • Classified by causing diseases/conditions o Vascular: migraine o Referred: visceral nerve fibers synapse at a level in spinal cord close to fibers