Probiotics MCB6424 Exam 2
Questions And Answers
/.Immunity - Answer-✅The general ability of a host to resist a particular
disease/infection
/.Immunology - Answer-✅The science concerned with immune responses
/.Nonspecific immune response - Answer-✅Innate; the first line of defense that offers
resistance to any foreign material; has no memory
/.Specific immune response - Answer-✅Acquired/adaptive; offers resistance to a
specific antigen; has a memory that will cause second exposure to be dealt with more
quickly/effectively
/.Antigen - Answer-✅A foreign substance that evokes an immune response; an
ANTIbody GENerator
/.Hematopoiesis - Answer-✅The development of WBCs in the bone marrow; all WBCs
that mature in the bone marrow join the innate immune system while all WBCs that
mature outside of the bone marrow join the adaptive immune system
/.Erythrocytes - Answer-✅The most abundant cell found in the blood
/.Neutrophils - Answer-✅The most abundant WBC (60%); highly phagocytic (use
granules of lytic enzymes to kill ingested pathogens)
/.Lymphocytes - Answer-✅30% of WBCs; differentiate into T-cells, B-cells, and NK cells
/.Monocytes - Answer-✅6% of WBCs; phagocytic; after 8 hours of circulation, mature
into macrophages upon arrival to specific tissues
/.Eosinophils - Answer-✅3% of WBCs; are important in fighting parasitic infections
/.Basophils - Answer-✅1% of WBCs; are important in inflammation
/.Dendritic cells - Answer-✅Present in small numbers as "guards" of the immune
system all over the body; phagocytic; APCs
, /.B-cells - Answer-✅Mature in the bone marrow; differentiate into plasma cells (which
produce antibodies) or memory cells upon activation by an antigen
/.T-cells - Answer-✅Mature in the thymus; differentiate into helper T-cells, CTLs, or
memory cells upon activation by an antigen; produce cytokines
/.Natural killer cells - Answer-✅Non-phagocytic granular lymphocytes; kill any cell that
does not have a normal MHC-I receptor; can bind to antibodies and lyse pathogens via
ADCC
/.Thymus and bone marrow - Answer-✅Primary lymphoid organs; places where
lymphocytes mature and differentiate
/.Lymph nodes and spleen - Answer-✅Secondary lymphoid organs; places where
lymphocytes may encounter/bind to antigens
/.Non-opsonic (opsonin-independent) - Answer-✅The type of phagocytosis in which
phagocytes bind to various parts of a pathogen (PAMPs, RGD, lectin from flagella)
/.Opsonic (opsonin-dependent) - Answer-✅The type of phagocytosis in which
phagocytes directly bind to opsonins coating a pathogen, making it easier to ingest
/.True - Answer-✅T/F: PAMPs/MAMPs are unique to microbes and are not found in the
host
/.Toll-like receptors (TLRs) - Answer-✅A signaling receptor that binds to unique PAMPs
of bacteria/viruses
/.Respiratory burst - Answer-✅A reaction that occurs immediately after phagocytosis in
which the phagosome produces toxic oxygen products that can kill the ingested
pathogen
/.Antigen presentation - Answer-✅The mechanism APCs use in which the ingested
antigen is passed from the phagolysosome -> ER -> cell membrane -> bound to the
outside for recognition; links the innate and adaptive immune response
/.Inflammation - Answer-✅A nonspecific response to tissue injury; causes redness,
warmth, pain, and swelling
/.Paneth cells - Answer-✅Cells in the GI tract that product lysozyme and cryptins
/.Complement - Answer-✅30+ serum proteins that aid the immune system in defending
against infection and disposing of wastes
Questions And Answers
/.Immunity - Answer-✅The general ability of a host to resist a particular
disease/infection
/.Immunology - Answer-✅The science concerned with immune responses
/.Nonspecific immune response - Answer-✅Innate; the first line of defense that offers
resistance to any foreign material; has no memory
/.Specific immune response - Answer-✅Acquired/adaptive; offers resistance to a
specific antigen; has a memory that will cause second exposure to be dealt with more
quickly/effectively
/.Antigen - Answer-✅A foreign substance that evokes an immune response; an
ANTIbody GENerator
/.Hematopoiesis - Answer-✅The development of WBCs in the bone marrow; all WBCs
that mature in the bone marrow join the innate immune system while all WBCs that
mature outside of the bone marrow join the adaptive immune system
/.Erythrocytes - Answer-✅The most abundant cell found in the blood
/.Neutrophils - Answer-✅The most abundant WBC (60%); highly phagocytic (use
granules of lytic enzymes to kill ingested pathogens)
/.Lymphocytes - Answer-✅30% of WBCs; differentiate into T-cells, B-cells, and NK cells
/.Monocytes - Answer-✅6% of WBCs; phagocytic; after 8 hours of circulation, mature
into macrophages upon arrival to specific tissues
/.Eosinophils - Answer-✅3% of WBCs; are important in fighting parasitic infections
/.Basophils - Answer-✅1% of WBCs; are important in inflammation
/.Dendritic cells - Answer-✅Present in small numbers as "guards" of the immune
system all over the body; phagocytic; APCs
, /.B-cells - Answer-✅Mature in the bone marrow; differentiate into plasma cells (which
produce antibodies) or memory cells upon activation by an antigen
/.T-cells - Answer-✅Mature in the thymus; differentiate into helper T-cells, CTLs, or
memory cells upon activation by an antigen; produce cytokines
/.Natural killer cells - Answer-✅Non-phagocytic granular lymphocytes; kill any cell that
does not have a normal MHC-I receptor; can bind to antibodies and lyse pathogens via
ADCC
/.Thymus and bone marrow - Answer-✅Primary lymphoid organs; places where
lymphocytes mature and differentiate
/.Lymph nodes and spleen - Answer-✅Secondary lymphoid organs; places where
lymphocytes may encounter/bind to antigens
/.Non-opsonic (opsonin-independent) - Answer-✅The type of phagocytosis in which
phagocytes bind to various parts of a pathogen (PAMPs, RGD, lectin from flagella)
/.Opsonic (opsonin-dependent) - Answer-✅The type of phagocytosis in which
phagocytes directly bind to opsonins coating a pathogen, making it easier to ingest
/.True - Answer-✅T/F: PAMPs/MAMPs are unique to microbes and are not found in the
host
/.Toll-like receptors (TLRs) - Answer-✅A signaling receptor that binds to unique PAMPs
of bacteria/viruses
/.Respiratory burst - Answer-✅A reaction that occurs immediately after phagocytosis in
which the phagosome produces toxic oxygen products that can kill the ingested
pathogen
/.Antigen presentation - Answer-✅The mechanism APCs use in which the ingested
antigen is passed from the phagolysosome -> ER -> cell membrane -> bound to the
outside for recognition; links the innate and adaptive immune response
/.Inflammation - Answer-✅A nonspecific response to tissue injury; causes redness,
warmth, pain, and swelling
/.Paneth cells - Answer-✅Cells in the GI tract that product lysozyme and cryptins
/.Complement - Answer-✅30+ serum proteins that aid the immune system in defending
against infection and disposing of wastes
