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GEOL 1121L Lab 9 (2026/2027) (PDF) | Volcano Lab Activity | Georgia State University

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INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD This GEOL 1121L Lab 9 Guide supports students in Introduction to Geology at Georgia State University. This lab focuses on volcanoes, magma composition, eruption styles, and how volcanic activity relates to plate tectonics. Volcanoes are surface expressions of Earth’s internal heat and are closely tied to tectonic processes. 1. What Is a Volcano? A volcano forms where magma reaches the surface through fractures in Earth’s crust. Key components: Magma chamber – Underground reservoir Vent – Opening to surface Crater – Summit depression Lava – Magma at surface 2. Magma Composition & Viscosity Magma Type Silica % Viscosity Eruption Style Basaltic Low Runny Effusive Andesitic Medium Thick Mixed Rhyolitic High Very thick Explosive Higher silica = thicker magma = more explosive eruptions. 3. Types of Volcanic Eruptions Type Characteristics Effusive Lava flows, low gas Explosive Ash, pyroclastics, gas-rich Phreatic Steam-driven 4. Volcano Types Volcano Features Shield Broad, gentle slopes, basaltic lava Composite (Stratovolcano) Steep, alternating layers Cinder Cone Small, steep, pyroclastic material Caldera Large collapse structure 5. Tectonic Settings of Volcanoes Most volcanoes occur at: Convergent boundaries (subduction zones) Divergent boundaries (mid-ocean ridges) Hotspots (Hawaii, Yellowstone) 6. Volcanic Hazards Lava flows Ash fall Pyroclastic flows Lahars (volcanic mudflows) Gas emissions

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GEOL 1121L
LAB 9
Volcano Lab Activity

Georgia State University

, Name:
Volcano Lab Activity
Types of volcanoes, tectonic settings, and hazards




Lab Outline
▪ Part 1: Review
▪ Part 2: Google Earth tour
▪ Excel sheet (for Part 2, question 8)

Additional Resources
▪ “How to Navigate GE Tours” guide
▪ Data tables
Deliverables
Word document
A satellite image of New Zealand's White Island on Dec. 11, 2019, three days Excel sheet (for Part 2, question 8)
after the volcano erupted. (Image credit: Satellite image ©2019 Maxar
Technologies)




Throughout history, volcanoes have displayed enormous destructive fury and power, and they
continue to do so in present times. Eruptions can change weather patterns, disrupt climate, cause
widespread human suffering, and in the past, mass extinctions. Volcanoes represent complex geological
systems capable of generating many dangerous phenomena. Today, about 500 million people live in
regions of the world that directly subject them to volcanic risk (Auker et al., 2013). Even modest eruptions,
such as the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption in Iceland, have made multibillion-dollar global impacts through
disruption of air traffic. The 2014 steam explosion at Mount Ontake, Japan killed 57 people without any
magma reaching the surface. Although known to spew clouds of hot ash, streams of molten lava, and
even generate tornadoes of fire, volcanoes can also be constructive. Volcanic ash, dust, and rocks
provide important nutrients for soil, making them fertile. Volcanoes can also be harnessed for its ability to
produce renewable power from natural thermal energy.

It is clear that volcanic risk assessment and management are important scientific, economic, and
political concerns, especially in densely populated areas. To evaluate and manage volcanic risks in our
lives, we first must learn and understand the basic characteristics of volcanoes. In this lab, you will be
describing and identifying common volcano types, relating volcano styles with tectonic settings,
geographic location, and potential volcanic hazards.



Some common misconceptions about By the end of this lab, you will have achieved these
volcanoes: learning goals:

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