BOARD VITALS REMEDIATION EXAM
PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES
The nurse is assessing a client with Parkinson's disease who experiences
unsteadiness when turning. According to this finding, which stage of the disease
is the client experiencing?
a) second
b) first
c) third
d) fourth ---correct answer: C
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that causes
destruction of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra of the brain.
Loss of dopaminergic neurons affects movement. There are 5 stages in the
progression of Parkinson's disease. Stage 1 is characterized by unilateral
involvement with minimal or no functional impairment in the movement. In
stage 2, there is bilateral and midline involvement but without impairment of
balance. Stage 3 is characterized by impairment of reflexes, which results in
symptoms that include unsteadiness with turning. Tremors become more
profound in this stage, often restricting activities. Stage 4 is characterized by
fulminant manifestation of symptoms that include tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity,
postural instability, and festination. Stage 5 of Parkinson's disease is
characterized by confinement to bed or wheelchair as the client's condition
worsens.
Page 1 of 96
,A nurse is caring for a client at risk for falling. Which of the following
components are part of a fall risk assessment? (Select all that apply)
a) LOC
b) HR
c) elimination status
d) gait and ambulation
e) RR ---correct answer: A, C, and D
Rationale: fall risk is assessed by identifying conditions that can contribute to
the client's risk of falling and subsequent injury. A checklist or designated
assessment form can be used, in accordance with the facility policy.
Components of a fall risk assessment include the client's LOC, elimination
status, gait and ambulation abilities, presence of orthostatic hypotension, and
vision status
A nurse is caring for an adult client who is being treated for pancreatitis and
required a mechanical ventilator for assistance with breathing. The physician
orders an arterial blood gas, which provides the following results: pH: 7.28;
pCO2: 51 mmHg, HCO3: 24 mEq/L; SaO@: 92%. Based on these results,
which of the following best describes this client's condition?
a) respiratory acidosis
b) respiratory alkalosis
c) metabolic acidosis
Page 2 of 96
,d) metabolic alkalosis ---correct answer: A
Rationale: the client is experiencing respiratory acidosis, AEB the low pH level
and the elevated pCO2. The HCO3 level in within normal limits, indicating that
the acidosis is respiratory and not metabolic
A nurse has just received reports for 4 clients. Which client should the nurse
prioritize?
a) a client with afib who missed the last dose of warfarin
b) a client with pyelonephritis who has blood in her urine
c) a client post surgical repair of a right tibia-fibula fracture who complains of
severe pain after surgery and now has no feeling in the right foot
d) a client with COPD who has wheezes and diminished breath sounds
bilaterally with an oxygen saturation reading of 90% on pulse ox ---correct
answer: C
Rationale: compartment syndrome is a serious complication of fractures and
crush injuries that is caused by swelling tissues in the compartments of the leg
or forearm. As pressure rises within a compartment as a result of swelling and
inflammation, the capillary perfusion pressure is reduced, causing ischemic
injury to the tissues within the compartment. Compartment Syndrome is
characterized by severe pain, pain with passive stretching, pallor in the distal
extremity, paresthesia, and pulselessness or reduced pulses. A fasciotomy is
performed surgically to relieve the compartmental pressure. It is an emergency
since necrotic muscle will not recover. Failure to recognize compartment
Page 3 of 96
, syndrome in a timely manner can cause contractures, infections, and
amputation.
A community health nurse is providing an in-service to a group of clients at a
community outreach center about complications related to substance use
disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as the cause
of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome?
a) alcohol
b) caffeine
c) cocaine
d) hallucinogens ---correct answer: A
Rationale: chronic alcohol use disorder has many systemic effects. In the central
nervous system, it can cause Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a form of
encephalopathy and psychosis. This is actually two disorders that often occur in
tandem with different manifestations.
A nurse must interview a 15-year-old client about her health habits and gain
some information about her history. Which of the following interventions
should the nurse employ while working with a client in this age group? Select
all that apply.
a) listen and display interest in the client
b) ask "yes or no" questions to provide structure and organization
Page 4 of 96
PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES
The nurse is assessing a client with Parkinson's disease who experiences
unsteadiness when turning. According to this finding, which stage of the disease
is the client experiencing?
a) second
b) first
c) third
d) fourth ---correct answer: C
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that causes
destruction of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra of the brain.
Loss of dopaminergic neurons affects movement. There are 5 stages in the
progression of Parkinson's disease. Stage 1 is characterized by unilateral
involvement with minimal or no functional impairment in the movement. In
stage 2, there is bilateral and midline involvement but without impairment of
balance. Stage 3 is characterized by impairment of reflexes, which results in
symptoms that include unsteadiness with turning. Tremors become more
profound in this stage, often restricting activities. Stage 4 is characterized by
fulminant manifestation of symptoms that include tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity,
postural instability, and festination. Stage 5 of Parkinson's disease is
characterized by confinement to bed or wheelchair as the client's condition
worsens.
Page 1 of 96
,A nurse is caring for a client at risk for falling. Which of the following
components are part of a fall risk assessment? (Select all that apply)
a) LOC
b) HR
c) elimination status
d) gait and ambulation
e) RR ---correct answer: A, C, and D
Rationale: fall risk is assessed by identifying conditions that can contribute to
the client's risk of falling and subsequent injury. A checklist or designated
assessment form can be used, in accordance with the facility policy.
Components of a fall risk assessment include the client's LOC, elimination
status, gait and ambulation abilities, presence of orthostatic hypotension, and
vision status
A nurse is caring for an adult client who is being treated for pancreatitis and
required a mechanical ventilator for assistance with breathing. The physician
orders an arterial blood gas, which provides the following results: pH: 7.28;
pCO2: 51 mmHg, HCO3: 24 mEq/L; SaO@: 92%. Based on these results,
which of the following best describes this client's condition?
a) respiratory acidosis
b) respiratory alkalosis
c) metabolic acidosis
Page 2 of 96
,d) metabolic alkalosis ---correct answer: A
Rationale: the client is experiencing respiratory acidosis, AEB the low pH level
and the elevated pCO2. The HCO3 level in within normal limits, indicating that
the acidosis is respiratory and not metabolic
A nurse has just received reports for 4 clients. Which client should the nurse
prioritize?
a) a client with afib who missed the last dose of warfarin
b) a client with pyelonephritis who has blood in her urine
c) a client post surgical repair of a right tibia-fibula fracture who complains of
severe pain after surgery and now has no feeling in the right foot
d) a client with COPD who has wheezes and diminished breath sounds
bilaterally with an oxygen saturation reading of 90% on pulse ox ---correct
answer: C
Rationale: compartment syndrome is a serious complication of fractures and
crush injuries that is caused by swelling tissues in the compartments of the leg
or forearm. As pressure rises within a compartment as a result of swelling and
inflammation, the capillary perfusion pressure is reduced, causing ischemic
injury to the tissues within the compartment. Compartment Syndrome is
characterized by severe pain, pain with passive stretching, pallor in the distal
extremity, paresthesia, and pulselessness or reduced pulses. A fasciotomy is
performed surgically to relieve the compartmental pressure. It is an emergency
since necrotic muscle will not recover. Failure to recognize compartment
Page 3 of 96
, syndrome in a timely manner can cause contractures, infections, and
amputation.
A community health nurse is providing an in-service to a group of clients at a
community outreach center about complications related to substance use
disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as the cause
of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome?
a) alcohol
b) caffeine
c) cocaine
d) hallucinogens ---correct answer: A
Rationale: chronic alcohol use disorder has many systemic effects. In the central
nervous system, it can cause Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a form of
encephalopathy and psychosis. This is actually two disorders that often occur in
tandem with different manifestations.
A nurse must interview a 15-year-old client about her health habits and gain
some information about her history. Which of the following interventions
should the nurse employ while working with a client in this age group? Select
all that apply.
a) listen and display interest in the client
b) ask "yes or no" questions to provide structure and organization
Page 4 of 96
