Midterm Bio 189 Arizona College Ontario –
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Terms in this set (318)
proton positively charged particle
Neutron A small particle in the nucleus of the atom, with no
electrical charge
Electron negatively charged particle
Acid substance that releases hydrogen ions in water
amino acids monomers of proteins
atomic number the number of protons in an atom
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that
cells use for most of their work
Base A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion
concentration in a solution.
Buffer A solution that minimizes changes in pH when
extraneous acids or bases are added to the
solution.
,Carbohydrates the starches and sugars present in foods, broken
down to provide energy
Cellulose Tough, insoluble polysaccharide that is the major
structural material in plants.
chemical bond the attractive force that holds atoms or ions
together
Cohesion Attraction between molecules of the same
substance
Compound A substance made up of atoms of two or more
different elements joined by chemical bonds
Concentration A measurement of how much solute exists within a
certain volume of solvent
covalent bond A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of
electrons between atoms in a molecule
Denaturation In proteins, a process in which a protein unravels
and loses its native conformation, thereby
becoming biologically inactive. In DNA, the
separation of the two strands of the double helix.
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material
present in nearly all living organisms as the main
constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of
genetic information.
,Elements A molecule composed of one kind of atom; cannot
be broken into simpler units by chemical reactions.
A pure substance that consists only of atoms with
the same number of protons.
Evaporation The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas
fat A lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one
glycerol molecule; also called a triacylglycerol or
triglyceride.
fatty acids chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen
atoms. Lipid that consists of a (hydrophilic) car-
boxyl group "head" and a (hydrophobic) "tail.
free radicals Unstable molecules that cause biochemical aging,
especially wrinkling and sagging of the skin.
hydrogen bonds Attraction between a covalently bonded hydrogen
atom and another atom taking part in a separate
covalent bond.
Hydrophilic water loving
Hydrophobic Water fearing
Ion An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or
negative charge.
ionic bond Formed when one or more electrons are
transferred from one atom to another. sharing
, Isotopes Atoms with the same number of protons but
different numbers of neutrons
Lipids Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils,
and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen.
lipid bilayer flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the
cell membrane and forms a barrier between the
cell and its surroundings
mass number the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in
an atomic nucleus
Metabolism the combination of chemical reactions through
which an organism builds up or breaks down
materials
Monomers small unit that can join together with other small
units to form polymers
nucleic acids Molecule that consists of one or more strands of
nucleotides; DNA or RNA.
Nucleotide A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-
carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous
base and a phosphate group. monomer of nucleic
acid
Nucleus A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and
responsible for growth and reproduction. center of
the atom
Questions With Step By Step Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (318)
proton positively charged particle
Neutron A small particle in the nucleus of the atom, with no
electrical charge
Electron negatively charged particle
Acid substance that releases hydrogen ions in water
amino acids monomers of proteins
atomic number the number of protons in an atom
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that
cells use for most of their work
Base A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion
concentration in a solution.
Buffer A solution that minimizes changes in pH when
extraneous acids or bases are added to the
solution.
,Carbohydrates the starches and sugars present in foods, broken
down to provide energy
Cellulose Tough, insoluble polysaccharide that is the major
structural material in plants.
chemical bond the attractive force that holds atoms or ions
together
Cohesion Attraction between molecules of the same
substance
Compound A substance made up of atoms of two or more
different elements joined by chemical bonds
Concentration A measurement of how much solute exists within a
certain volume of solvent
covalent bond A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of
electrons between atoms in a molecule
Denaturation In proteins, a process in which a protein unravels
and loses its native conformation, thereby
becoming biologically inactive. In DNA, the
separation of the two strands of the double helix.
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material
present in nearly all living organisms as the main
constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of
genetic information.
,Elements A molecule composed of one kind of atom; cannot
be broken into simpler units by chemical reactions.
A pure substance that consists only of atoms with
the same number of protons.
Evaporation The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas
fat A lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one
glycerol molecule; also called a triacylglycerol or
triglyceride.
fatty acids chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen
atoms. Lipid that consists of a (hydrophilic) car-
boxyl group "head" and a (hydrophobic) "tail.
free radicals Unstable molecules that cause biochemical aging,
especially wrinkling and sagging of the skin.
hydrogen bonds Attraction between a covalently bonded hydrogen
atom and another atom taking part in a separate
covalent bond.
Hydrophilic water loving
Hydrophobic Water fearing
Ion An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or
negative charge.
ionic bond Formed when one or more electrons are
transferred from one atom to another. sharing
, Isotopes Atoms with the same number of protons but
different numbers of neutrons
Lipids Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils,
and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen.
lipid bilayer flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the
cell membrane and forms a barrier between the
cell and its surroundings
mass number the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in
an atomic nucleus
Metabolism the combination of chemical reactions through
which an organism builds up or breaks down
materials
Monomers small unit that can join together with other small
units to form polymers
nucleic acids Molecule that consists of one or more strands of
nucleotides; DNA or RNA.
Nucleotide A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-
carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous
base and a phosphate group. monomer of nucleic
acid
Nucleus A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and
responsible for growth and reproduction. center of
the atom
