Division of Powers under Federalism.

Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various state or regional governments so that each level can function independently within its own sphere. This system is especially suitable for large and diverse countries like India, as it helps accommodate regional differences while maintaining national unity. In a federal structure, the Constitution clearly defines and protects the powers of each level of government, and an independent judiciary settles disputes between the centre and the states. India follows a holding-together form of federalism, where the Union government is more powerful, and powers are distributed through the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. To further strengthen democracy, decentralisation has been introduced by transferring powers to local self-governments such as Panchayats and Municipalities through the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments. Federalism promotes cooperation among governments, encourages public participation, protects regional interests, and ensures efficient administration, thereby strengthening democratic governance in the country.