NSG 511 Exam 1 Questions With Correct
Answers
absorption
movement |of |drug |from |site |of |administration |to |bloodstream
Activated |partial |thromboplastin |time |(aPTT)
30-40 |seconds |normal
distribution
movement |of |drug |from |bloodstream |to |site |of |action |(interstitium |of |cells)
metabolism
chemical |alteration |of |a |drug |(by |liver |usually) |in |preparation |for |excretion
excretion
removal |of |drug |from |body |(usually |by |kidneys)
Ways |drugs |pass |through |membranes
direct |penetration |(lipid |soluble)
,channels/pores
Transport |systems
polar |state |and |membranes
like |dissolves |like
polar |drugs |do |not |cross |lipid |membrane
phospholipid |membrane
nonpolar
non-ionized
polar |molecules |vs |ions
uneven |distribution |of |charges |but |no |net |charge |vs. |net |charge
Ionization |of |drugs
must |be |non-ionized |(no |charge) |for |absorption.
Acids |ionize |(lose |H+) |in |bases |(like |blood)
Bases |ionize |(gain |H+) |in |acids |(like |stomach)
ASA
,acid |drug, |will |not |ionize |in |stomach |and |will |pass |through |membrane |into |blood |(but |this |
damages |the |stomach |lining, |so |we |want |it |to |be |absorbed |more |steadily |in |an |ionized |state |in
|the |SI)
factors |affecting |absorption
- |rate |of |dissolution |(faster |will |absorb |quicker)
- |surface |area |(more |SA |= |faster |absorption)
- |blood |flow |(increases |absorption)
- |lipid |solubility |(increases |absorption |due |to |ability |to |cross |membranes)
- |non-ionized |(increases), |ionized |(decreases)
- |non-polar |(increases), |polar |(decreases)
Enteral |route |barriers |and |patterns
barriers: |epithelial |linings, |capillary |wall
Patterns: |slow
enteral |route |advantages/disadvantages
advantages: |painless, |convenient, |potentially |reversible
disadvantages: |must |be |awake, |alert |and |able |to |swallow
IV |barriers |and |patterns
barriers: |none
patterns: |instant
, IV |advantages/disadvantages
Advantages: |rapid |onset |(ideal |for |emergencies), |precise |control |of |drug |levels, |large |fluid |
volumes, |permits |use |of |irritant |drugs
Disadvantages: |irreversible, |expensive, |inconvenient, |difficult |to |do |(poorly |suited |for |self-
admin)
IM/SQ |barriers |and |patterns
barriers: |capillary |wall
patterns: |relatively |fast
IM/SQ |advantages/disadvantages
advantages: |administration |of |poorly |soluble |and |depot |drugs
disadvantages: |irreversible, |inconvenient, |discomfort, |embolism |risk, |infection |risk
instillation
ear/eye
sublingual
rectal
Answers
absorption
movement |of |drug |from |site |of |administration |to |bloodstream
Activated |partial |thromboplastin |time |(aPTT)
30-40 |seconds |normal
distribution
movement |of |drug |from |bloodstream |to |site |of |action |(interstitium |of |cells)
metabolism
chemical |alteration |of |a |drug |(by |liver |usually) |in |preparation |for |excretion
excretion
removal |of |drug |from |body |(usually |by |kidneys)
Ways |drugs |pass |through |membranes
direct |penetration |(lipid |soluble)
,channels/pores
Transport |systems
polar |state |and |membranes
like |dissolves |like
polar |drugs |do |not |cross |lipid |membrane
phospholipid |membrane
nonpolar
non-ionized
polar |molecules |vs |ions
uneven |distribution |of |charges |but |no |net |charge |vs. |net |charge
Ionization |of |drugs
must |be |non-ionized |(no |charge) |for |absorption.
Acids |ionize |(lose |H+) |in |bases |(like |blood)
Bases |ionize |(gain |H+) |in |acids |(like |stomach)
ASA
,acid |drug, |will |not |ionize |in |stomach |and |will |pass |through |membrane |into |blood |(but |this |
damages |the |stomach |lining, |so |we |want |it |to |be |absorbed |more |steadily |in |an |ionized |state |in
|the |SI)
factors |affecting |absorption
- |rate |of |dissolution |(faster |will |absorb |quicker)
- |surface |area |(more |SA |= |faster |absorption)
- |blood |flow |(increases |absorption)
- |lipid |solubility |(increases |absorption |due |to |ability |to |cross |membranes)
- |non-ionized |(increases), |ionized |(decreases)
- |non-polar |(increases), |polar |(decreases)
Enteral |route |barriers |and |patterns
barriers: |epithelial |linings, |capillary |wall
Patterns: |slow
enteral |route |advantages/disadvantages
advantages: |painless, |convenient, |potentially |reversible
disadvantages: |must |be |awake, |alert |and |able |to |swallow
IV |barriers |and |patterns
barriers: |none
patterns: |instant
, IV |advantages/disadvantages
Advantages: |rapid |onset |(ideal |for |emergencies), |precise |control |of |drug |levels, |large |fluid |
volumes, |permits |use |of |irritant |drugs
Disadvantages: |irreversible, |expensive, |inconvenient, |difficult |to |do |(poorly |suited |for |self-
admin)
IM/SQ |barriers |and |patterns
barriers: |capillary |wall
patterns: |relatively |fast
IM/SQ |advantages/disadvantages
advantages: |administration |of |poorly |soluble |and |depot |drugs
disadvantages: |irreversible, |inconvenient, |discomfort, |embolism |risk, |infection |risk
instillation
ear/eye
sublingual
rectal
