NU 545 Unit 1 Test Bank Questions and Correct Answers-
University of South Alabama
6. What process causes heat and redness to occur during the inflammatory
process?
1. Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process? a. Vasodilation of blood vessels
a. To provide specific responses toward antigens b. Platelet aggregation
b. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms c. Decreased capillary permeability
c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue d. Endothelial cell contraction
d. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury
7. What does activation of the classical pathway begin with?
2. How do surfactant proteins A through D provide innate resistance? a. Viruses
a. Initiate the complement cascade. b. Antigen-antibody complexes
b. Promote phagocytosis. c. Mast cells
c. Secrete mucus. d. Macrophages
d. Synthesize lysosomes.
8. What plasma protein system forms a fibrinous meshwork at an inflamed
3. Which secretion is a first line of defense against pathogen invasion that site?
involves antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids, as well as lactic acid? a. Complement
a. Optic tears b. Coagulation
b. Oral saliva c. Kinin
c. Sweat gland perspiration d. Fibrinolysis
d. Sebaceous gland sebum
9. Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic
4. Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages?
therapy? a. Complement cascade
a. Lactobacillus b. Coagulation system
b. Candida albicans c. Kinin system
c. Clostridium difficile d. Immune system
d. Helicobacter pylori
10. What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?
5. What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? a. Platelet adhesion
a. Vasodilation of blood vessels b. Initiation of the clotting cascade
b. Increased capillary permeability c. Vasodilation
c. Endothelial cell expansion d. Increased endothelial adhesiveness
d. Emigration of neutrophils
,11. What is an outcome of the complement cascade? 16. What effect does the process of histamine binding to the histamine-2
a. Activation of the clotting cascade (H2) receptor have on inflammation?
b. Prevention of the spread of infection to adjacent tissues a. Inhibition
c. Inactivation of chemical mediators such as histamine b. Activation
d. Lysis of bacterial cell membranes c. Acceleration
d. Termination
12. What is the function of opsonization related to the complement
cascade? 17. Frequently when H1 and H2 receptors are located on the same cells,
a. To tag pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and they act in what fashion?
macrophages a. Synergistically
b. To process pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes b. Additively
can be created for acquired immunity c. Antagonistically
c. To destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms d. Agonistically
d. To promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation
18. Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing
13. In the coagulation (clotting) cascade, the intrinsic and the extrinsic because of which problem?
pathways converge at which factor? a. Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues.
a. XII b. Complement and chemotaxis are deficient.
b. VII c. Underlying chronic illness(es) exists.
c. X d. Number of mast cells is insufficient.
d. V
19. Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial
14. Which chemical interacts among all plasma protein systems by cells to increase vascular permeability and to cause leukocyte adhesion to
degrading blood clots, activating complement, and activating the Hageman endothelial cells?
factor? a. Chemokines
a. Kallikrein b. Prostaglandin E
b. Histamine c. Platelet-activating factor
c. Bradykinin d. Bradykinin
d. Plasmin
20. What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)?
15. How does the chemotactic factor affect the inflammatory process? a. Increases capillary permeability, and causes pain
a. By causing vasodilation around the inflamed area b. Increases neutrophil chemotaxis and platelet aggregation
b. By stimulating smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area c. Causes smooth muscle contraction and fever
c. By directing leukocytes to the inflamed area d. Decreases mast cell function, and decreases platelet aggregation
d. By producing edema around the inflamed area
, 21. What is the correct sequence in phagocytosis? 26. Which cytokine is produced and released from virally infected host
a. Engulfment, recognition, fusion, destruction cells?
b. Fusion, engulfment, recognition, destruction a. IL-1
c. Recognition, engulfment, fusion, destruction b. IL-10
d. Engulfment, fusion, recognition, destruction c. TNF
d. IFN
22. When considering white blood cell differentials, acute inflammatory
reactions are related to elevations of which leukocyte? 27. Which manifestation of inflammation is systemic?
a. Monocytes a. Formation of exudates
b. Eosinophils b. Fever and leukocytosis
c. Neutrophils c. Redness and heat
d. Basophils d. Pain and edema
23. In the later stages of an inflammatory response, which phagocytic cell is 28. The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is
predominant? produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what?
a. Neutrophils a. Endogenous pyrogens
b. Monocytes b. Bacterial endotoxin
c. Chemokines c. Antigen-antibody complexes
d. Eosinophils d. Exogenous pyrogens
24. In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of 29. What occurs during the process of repair after tissue damage?
eosinophils is to release what? a. Nonfunctioning scar tissue replaces destroyed tissue.
a. Arylsulfatase B, which stimulates the formation of B lymphocytes b. Regeneration occurs; the original tissue is replaced.
b. Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute c. Resolution occurs; tissue is regenerated.
inflammation d. Epithelialization replaces destroyed tissue.
c. Lysosomal enzymes, which activate mast cell degranulation during acute
inflammation 30. What is the role of fibroblasts during the reconstructive phase of
d. Immunoglobulin E, which defends the body against parasites wound healing?
a. Generate new capillaries from vascular endothelial cells around the
25. What is a role of a natural killer (NK) cells? wound.
a. Initiation of the complement cascade b. Establish connections between neighboring cells and contract their
b. Elimination of malignant cells fibers.
c. Binding tightly to antigens c. Synthesize and secrete collagen and the connective tissue proteins.
d. Proliferation after immunization with antigen d. Provide enzymes that débride the wound bed of dead cells.
University of South Alabama
6. What process causes heat and redness to occur during the inflammatory
process?
1. Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process? a. Vasodilation of blood vessels
a. To provide specific responses toward antigens b. Platelet aggregation
b. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms c. Decreased capillary permeability
c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue d. Endothelial cell contraction
d. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury
7. What does activation of the classical pathway begin with?
2. How do surfactant proteins A through D provide innate resistance? a. Viruses
a. Initiate the complement cascade. b. Antigen-antibody complexes
b. Promote phagocytosis. c. Mast cells
c. Secrete mucus. d. Macrophages
d. Synthesize lysosomes.
8. What plasma protein system forms a fibrinous meshwork at an inflamed
3. Which secretion is a first line of defense against pathogen invasion that site?
involves antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids, as well as lactic acid? a. Complement
a. Optic tears b. Coagulation
b. Oral saliva c. Kinin
c. Sweat gland perspiration d. Fibrinolysis
d. Sebaceous gland sebum
9. Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic
4. Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages?
therapy? a. Complement cascade
a. Lactobacillus b. Coagulation system
b. Candida albicans c. Kinin system
c. Clostridium difficile d. Immune system
d. Helicobacter pylori
10. What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?
5. What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? a. Platelet adhesion
a. Vasodilation of blood vessels b. Initiation of the clotting cascade
b. Increased capillary permeability c. Vasodilation
c. Endothelial cell expansion d. Increased endothelial adhesiveness
d. Emigration of neutrophils
,11. What is an outcome of the complement cascade? 16. What effect does the process of histamine binding to the histamine-2
a. Activation of the clotting cascade (H2) receptor have on inflammation?
b. Prevention of the spread of infection to adjacent tissues a. Inhibition
c. Inactivation of chemical mediators such as histamine b. Activation
d. Lysis of bacterial cell membranes c. Acceleration
d. Termination
12. What is the function of opsonization related to the complement
cascade? 17. Frequently when H1 and H2 receptors are located on the same cells,
a. To tag pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and they act in what fashion?
macrophages a. Synergistically
b. To process pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes b. Additively
can be created for acquired immunity c. Antagonistically
c. To destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms d. Agonistically
d. To promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation
18. Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing
13. In the coagulation (clotting) cascade, the intrinsic and the extrinsic because of which problem?
pathways converge at which factor? a. Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues.
a. XII b. Complement and chemotaxis are deficient.
b. VII c. Underlying chronic illness(es) exists.
c. X d. Number of mast cells is insufficient.
d. V
19. Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial
14. Which chemical interacts among all plasma protein systems by cells to increase vascular permeability and to cause leukocyte adhesion to
degrading blood clots, activating complement, and activating the Hageman endothelial cells?
factor? a. Chemokines
a. Kallikrein b. Prostaglandin E
b. Histamine c. Platelet-activating factor
c. Bradykinin d. Bradykinin
d. Plasmin
20. What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)?
15. How does the chemotactic factor affect the inflammatory process? a. Increases capillary permeability, and causes pain
a. By causing vasodilation around the inflamed area b. Increases neutrophil chemotaxis and platelet aggregation
b. By stimulating smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area c. Causes smooth muscle contraction and fever
c. By directing leukocytes to the inflamed area d. Decreases mast cell function, and decreases platelet aggregation
d. By producing edema around the inflamed area
, 21. What is the correct sequence in phagocytosis? 26. Which cytokine is produced and released from virally infected host
a. Engulfment, recognition, fusion, destruction cells?
b. Fusion, engulfment, recognition, destruction a. IL-1
c. Recognition, engulfment, fusion, destruction b. IL-10
d. Engulfment, fusion, recognition, destruction c. TNF
d. IFN
22. When considering white blood cell differentials, acute inflammatory
reactions are related to elevations of which leukocyte? 27. Which manifestation of inflammation is systemic?
a. Monocytes a. Formation of exudates
b. Eosinophils b. Fever and leukocytosis
c. Neutrophils c. Redness and heat
d. Basophils d. Pain and edema
23. In the later stages of an inflammatory response, which phagocytic cell is 28. The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is
predominant? produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what?
a. Neutrophils a. Endogenous pyrogens
b. Monocytes b. Bacterial endotoxin
c. Chemokines c. Antigen-antibody complexes
d. Eosinophils d. Exogenous pyrogens
24. In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of 29. What occurs during the process of repair after tissue damage?
eosinophils is to release what? a. Nonfunctioning scar tissue replaces destroyed tissue.
a. Arylsulfatase B, which stimulates the formation of B lymphocytes b. Regeneration occurs; the original tissue is replaced.
b. Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute c. Resolution occurs; tissue is regenerated.
inflammation d. Epithelialization replaces destroyed tissue.
c. Lysosomal enzymes, which activate mast cell degranulation during acute
inflammation 30. What is the role of fibroblasts during the reconstructive phase of
d. Immunoglobulin E, which defends the body against parasites wound healing?
a. Generate new capillaries from vascular endothelial cells around the
25. What is a role of a natural killer (NK) cells? wound.
a. Initiation of the complement cascade b. Establish connections between neighboring cells and contract their
b. Elimination of malignant cells fibers.
c. Binding tightly to antigens c. Synthesize and secrete collagen and the connective tissue proteins.
d. Proliferation after immunization with antigen d. Provide enzymes that débride the wound bed of dead cells.
