Page 1 of 201
APEA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM 2026-2027
COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR
COVERS;
• Cardiovascular,
• Derm,
• Endocrine,
• EENT,
• GI,
• Heme,
• Men's Health,
• Neuro
QUESTION: Which one of the following produces visible evidence of an underlying problem with
reverse venous flow?
cellulitis
bruising
stasis dermatitis
varicose veins - ANSWER-varicose veins
QUESTION: Which one of the following is NOT an assessment finding in a patient who is
experiencing shock?
,Page 2 of 201
low urine output
end-organ hyperperfusion
poor mentation
hypotension - ANSWER-end-organ hyperperfusion
QUESTION: A progressive disease of heart muscle that is characterized by ventricular chamber
enlargement and contractile dysfunction is:
acute coronary syndrome
cardiac tamponade
dilated cardiomyopathy
thyrotoxicosis - ANSWER-dilated cardiomyopathy
QUESTION: Patients with acute coronary syndrome may experience chest pain secondary to:
arterial vasodilation
oxygen demand
potassium depletion
,Page 3 of 201
elevated creatine - ANSWER-oxygen demand
QUESTION: What is the purpose of activation of the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the antidiuretic system in the presence of impaired
cardiac pumping and/or filling?
promotion of venous relaxation
production of arterial vasoconstriction
decrease in venous pressure
decrease in ventricular filling - ANSWER-Production of arterial vasoconstriction
all three of those systems are activated in the presence of heart failure and produce arterial
vasoconstriction and help to maintain systemic pressure to ensure tissue & organ perfusion
QUESTION: Atherosclerosis in the lower extremities commonly causes:
venous insufficiency
peripheral artery disease
lymphadenopathy
, Page 4 of 201
diabetic neuropathy - ANSWER-peripheral artery disease
QUESTION: Which of the following is not a deficit of tetralogy of Fallot?
a hole between the ventricles of the heart
a narrowing of the pulmonary valve and artery
an enlargement of the tricuspid valves
a thickening of the ventricle chambers - ANSWER-an enlargement of the tricuspid valves
Q; A common cause of diastolic heart failure is:
myocarditis
myocardial infarction
dilated cardiomyopathy
hypertension - ANSWER-Hypertension
long-term hypertension is a common cause of diastolic heart failure.
APEA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM 2026-2027
COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR
COVERS;
• Cardiovascular,
• Derm,
• Endocrine,
• EENT,
• GI,
• Heme,
• Men's Health,
• Neuro
QUESTION: Which one of the following produces visible evidence of an underlying problem with
reverse venous flow?
cellulitis
bruising
stasis dermatitis
varicose veins - ANSWER-varicose veins
QUESTION: Which one of the following is NOT an assessment finding in a patient who is
experiencing shock?
,Page 2 of 201
low urine output
end-organ hyperperfusion
poor mentation
hypotension - ANSWER-end-organ hyperperfusion
QUESTION: A progressive disease of heart muscle that is characterized by ventricular chamber
enlargement and contractile dysfunction is:
acute coronary syndrome
cardiac tamponade
dilated cardiomyopathy
thyrotoxicosis - ANSWER-dilated cardiomyopathy
QUESTION: Patients with acute coronary syndrome may experience chest pain secondary to:
arterial vasodilation
oxygen demand
potassium depletion
,Page 3 of 201
elevated creatine - ANSWER-oxygen demand
QUESTION: What is the purpose of activation of the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the antidiuretic system in the presence of impaired
cardiac pumping and/or filling?
promotion of venous relaxation
production of arterial vasoconstriction
decrease in venous pressure
decrease in ventricular filling - ANSWER-Production of arterial vasoconstriction
all three of those systems are activated in the presence of heart failure and produce arterial
vasoconstriction and help to maintain systemic pressure to ensure tissue & organ perfusion
QUESTION: Atherosclerosis in the lower extremities commonly causes:
venous insufficiency
peripheral artery disease
lymphadenopathy
, Page 4 of 201
diabetic neuropathy - ANSWER-peripheral artery disease
QUESTION: Which of the following is not a deficit of tetralogy of Fallot?
a hole between the ventricles of the heart
a narrowing of the pulmonary valve and artery
an enlargement of the tricuspid valves
a thickening of the ventricle chambers - ANSWER-an enlargement of the tricuspid valves
Q; A common cause of diastolic heart failure is:
myocarditis
myocardial infarction
dilated cardiomyopathy
hypertension - ANSWER-Hypertension
long-term hypertension is a common cause of diastolic heart failure.
