Page 1 of 40
“NURSING COMPREHENSIVE EXAM “ NEWEST
UPDATED EXAM 2025 – 2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS VERIFIED 100% GRADED A+ (LATEST
VERSION)
Comprehensive Exam
When a pathogen spreads from the original site to other tissues or organs it is
called a(n) _____ infection.
- focal
- natural
- acute
- local
focal
A disease that is generally present in a given population is ____.
- epidemic
- endemic
- pandemic
- sporadic
endemic
Which of the following are vehicles of transmission? (SELECT ALL THAT
APPLY) *
- airborne
- foodborne
- droplet
- bodily fluid
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- airborne
- foodborne
- bodily fluid
Which of the following is likely to be the most frequently used portal of entry?
- GI tract
- respiratory tract
- skin
- conjunctiva
respiratory tract
Infections that may result from the use of catheters are classified as _____
infections.
- iatrogenic
- exogenous
- local
- endogenous
Iatrogenic
The antibody found in body secretions is _____.
IgD
IgM
IgG
IgA
IgE
IgA
An antibody is a _____.
- protein produced by plasma cells
- marker on the cell surface of mast cells
- marker on the cell surface of macrophages
- substance initiating an allergic response
protein produced by plasma cells
Which of the following provide defense against viral infections?
- interferons
- antibiotics
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- protaglandins
- histamines
interferons
Which of the following cells is a granulocyte?
- macrophage
- lymphocyte
- monocyte
- basophil
basophil
Immunity that is a result of an actual infection is called _____.
- naturally acquired active immunity
- artificially acquired active immunity
- artificially acquired passive immunity
- naturally acquired passive immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity
A substance capable of raising the body temperature is _____.
- serum
- pyrogen
- heparin
- prostaglandin
pyrogen
When an organ or tissue is transplanted between genetically different
individuals from the same species, it is called a(n) _____.
- isograft
- autograft
- allograft
- xenograft
allograft
Which of the following cell types is responsible for antibody production?
- monocyte
- T cell
- macrophage
- plasma cell
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plasma cell
Which of the following is a systemic autoimmune disease?
- multiple sclerosis
- rheumatoid arthritis
- myasthenia gravis
- Graves' disease
rheumatoid arthritis
Which of the following is NOT part of the second line of defense?
- pH of the skin
- phagocytosis
- fever
- cytokines
pH of the skin
Which one of the following is the most appropriate disinfectant for cleaning
the work area?
- distilled water
- 70% ethanol
- soap solution
- saline solution
70% ethanol
Why is it important that the petri plates be incubated upside down?
- to prevent moisture from condensing onto the agar surface
- to get colonies with reduced growth
- to get mat culture
- to get dense colonies
to prevent moisture from condensing onto the agar surface
Why is it important to flame the lip of the test tube? (SELECT ALL THAT
APPLY)
- to create convection currents
- to prevent the bacteria from escaping the test tube
- to prevent contamination
- to heat the test tube to the point of sterilization
“NURSING COMPREHENSIVE EXAM “ NEWEST
UPDATED EXAM 2025 – 2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS VERIFIED 100% GRADED A+ (LATEST
VERSION)
Comprehensive Exam
When a pathogen spreads from the original site to other tissues or organs it is
called a(n) _____ infection.
- focal
- natural
- acute
- local
focal
A disease that is generally present in a given population is ____.
- epidemic
- endemic
- pandemic
- sporadic
endemic
Which of the following are vehicles of transmission? (SELECT ALL THAT
APPLY) *
- airborne
- foodborne
- droplet
- bodily fluid
, Page 2 of 40
- airborne
- foodborne
- bodily fluid
Which of the following is likely to be the most frequently used portal of entry?
- GI tract
- respiratory tract
- skin
- conjunctiva
respiratory tract
Infections that may result from the use of catheters are classified as _____
infections.
- iatrogenic
- exogenous
- local
- endogenous
Iatrogenic
The antibody found in body secretions is _____.
IgD
IgM
IgG
IgA
IgE
IgA
An antibody is a _____.
- protein produced by plasma cells
- marker on the cell surface of mast cells
- marker on the cell surface of macrophages
- substance initiating an allergic response
protein produced by plasma cells
Which of the following provide defense against viral infections?
- interferons
- antibiotics
, Page 3 of 40
- protaglandins
- histamines
interferons
Which of the following cells is a granulocyte?
- macrophage
- lymphocyte
- monocyte
- basophil
basophil
Immunity that is a result of an actual infection is called _____.
- naturally acquired active immunity
- artificially acquired active immunity
- artificially acquired passive immunity
- naturally acquired passive immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity
A substance capable of raising the body temperature is _____.
- serum
- pyrogen
- heparin
- prostaglandin
pyrogen
When an organ or tissue is transplanted between genetically different
individuals from the same species, it is called a(n) _____.
- isograft
- autograft
- allograft
- xenograft
allograft
Which of the following cell types is responsible for antibody production?
- monocyte
- T cell
- macrophage
- plasma cell
, Page 4 of 40
plasma cell
Which of the following is a systemic autoimmune disease?
- multiple sclerosis
- rheumatoid arthritis
- myasthenia gravis
- Graves' disease
rheumatoid arthritis
Which of the following is NOT part of the second line of defense?
- pH of the skin
- phagocytosis
- fever
- cytokines
pH of the skin
Which one of the following is the most appropriate disinfectant for cleaning
the work area?
- distilled water
- 70% ethanol
- soap solution
- saline solution
70% ethanol
Why is it important that the petri plates be incubated upside down?
- to prevent moisture from condensing onto the agar surface
- to get colonies with reduced growth
- to get mat culture
- to get dense colonies
to prevent moisture from condensing onto the agar surface
Why is it important to flame the lip of the test tube? (SELECT ALL THAT
APPLY)
- to create convection currents
- to prevent the bacteria from escaping the test tube
- to prevent contamination
- to heat the test tube to the point of sterilization
