ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS
Endocrine System - ANSWER-a network of glands and organs that produce and release
hormones, which are chemical messengers that regulate various body functions
Hypopituitarism - ANSWER-Decrease in one or more pituitary hormones.
Hyperpituitarism - ANSWER-Increase in one or more pituitary hormones.
Panhypopituitarism - ANSWER-Total failure of pituitary hormone production.
Selective Hypopituitarism - ANSWER-Deficiency of specific pituitary hormones.
Diabetes Insipidus (DI) - ANSWER-Deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - ANSWER-Excess ADH causing
fluid retention.
Hypoparathyroidism - ANSWER-Decreased parathyroid hormone leading to low calcium.
Hyperparathyroidism - ANSWER-Excess parathyroid hormone causing high calcium.
Diagnostic Testing - ANSWER-Evaluates hormone levels and gland function.
hormone levels tests( serum or urine),
supplement lab testing( serum glucose, calcium levels, urine spec. grav...)
stimualltion and supression testing
, imaging
Biopsy
Imaging Studies - ANSWER-Includes ultrasound, MRI, CT scans AND Thyroid scans.
Biopsy - ANSWER-Tissue analysis for gland abnormalities.
Surgical Options for endocrine disorders includes. - ANSWER-Includes adrenalectomy,
thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy.
Radiation Therapy - ANSWER-Use of radiation to treat tumors.
Routine Sleep-Wake Patterns - ANSWER-Maintaining regular sleep habits.
going to bed and waking up around the same time every day, even on weekends. This helps
regulate the body's natural sleep-wake cycle, known as the circadian rhythm, which can improve
sleep quality and overall well-being.
Meningitis - ANSWER-inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord
endocrine hormones - ANSWER-hormones secreted by the endocrine glands into the
bloodstream
Risk factors of endocrine disorders - ANSWER-Hx:
- Obesity, family history, especially autoimmune
- advanced age, sedentary lifetsyle
- genetics, chronic medical conditions.
- chromosomal deficiencies/abnormalities
- Thyroid disorders
FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS
Endocrine System - ANSWER-a network of glands and organs that produce and release
hormones, which are chemical messengers that regulate various body functions
Hypopituitarism - ANSWER-Decrease in one or more pituitary hormones.
Hyperpituitarism - ANSWER-Increase in one or more pituitary hormones.
Panhypopituitarism - ANSWER-Total failure of pituitary hormone production.
Selective Hypopituitarism - ANSWER-Deficiency of specific pituitary hormones.
Diabetes Insipidus (DI) - ANSWER-Deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - ANSWER-Excess ADH causing
fluid retention.
Hypoparathyroidism - ANSWER-Decreased parathyroid hormone leading to low calcium.
Hyperparathyroidism - ANSWER-Excess parathyroid hormone causing high calcium.
Diagnostic Testing - ANSWER-Evaluates hormone levels and gland function.
hormone levels tests( serum or urine),
supplement lab testing( serum glucose, calcium levels, urine spec. grav...)
stimualltion and supression testing
, imaging
Biopsy
Imaging Studies - ANSWER-Includes ultrasound, MRI, CT scans AND Thyroid scans.
Biopsy - ANSWER-Tissue analysis for gland abnormalities.
Surgical Options for endocrine disorders includes. - ANSWER-Includes adrenalectomy,
thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy.
Radiation Therapy - ANSWER-Use of radiation to treat tumors.
Routine Sleep-Wake Patterns - ANSWER-Maintaining regular sleep habits.
going to bed and waking up around the same time every day, even on weekends. This helps
regulate the body's natural sleep-wake cycle, known as the circadian rhythm, which can improve
sleep quality and overall well-being.
Meningitis - ANSWER-inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord
endocrine hormones - ANSWER-hormones secreted by the endocrine glands into the
bloodstream
Risk factors of endocrine disorders - ANSWER-Hx:
- Obesity, family history, especially autoimmune
- advanced age, sedentary lifetsyle
- genetics, chronic medical conditions.
- chromosomal deficiencies/abnormalities
- Thyroid disorders
