TEST BANK for McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology - Text and Study Guide Package: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 9th Edition by Julia Rogers DNP RN CNS FNP-BC (Author) Most Latest Version 2025 [A+]

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TEST BANK For Mccance & Huether’s Pathophysiology - Text And Study
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Guide Package: The Biologic Basis For Disease In Adults And Children 9th
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Edition By Julia Rogers DNP RN CNS FNP-BC (Author) Most Latest
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Chapter01:CellularBiology
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McCance/Huether: Pathophysiology: TheBiologicBasis of Disease in Adultsand Children, 9th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE I




1. Whichstatement best describes the cellular function ofmetabolic absorption?
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a. Cellscanproduceproteins. I I I




b. Cellscansecretedigestiveenzymes. I I I I




c. Cellscan takein and use nutrients. I I I I I I

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d. Cellscansynthesizefats. I I I




ANS: C I




Inmetabolic absorption, all cells takeinand usenutrients andothersubstances from their
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surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
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metabolic absorption.
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PTS: 1 I I DIF: CognitiveLevel: Remembering I I I




2. Whereis most of acell’s geneticinformation, includingRNA and DNA, contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C I




The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of
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the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
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activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
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Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes
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function as the intracellular digestive system.
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PTS: 1 I I DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering I I I




3. Whichcomponent ofthecell produces hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)byusing oxygen to remove
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hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
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a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B I




Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove I I I I I I I I I I I I I




hydrogen atoms from specificsubstrates inan oxidativereaction thatproducesH2O2,which is a
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powerful oxidant and potentiallydestructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
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Ribosomes areRNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that aresynthesized in the nucleolus
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and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
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complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
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more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids,
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nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the
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cellular membrane.
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PTS: 1 I I DIF: CognitiveLevel: Remembering I I I




4. Whichcell component iscapable ofcellularautodigestionwhen it is released duringcell
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I injury?

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a. Ribosome
b. Golgicomplex I




c. Smoothendoplasmicreticulum I I




d. Lysosomes
ANS: D I




The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
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within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
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Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
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lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular
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self-digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I




TheGolgi complex isanetworkofflattened,smoothvesicles and membranesoften located near
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the cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production
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and removing toxic substances from the cell.
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PTS: 1 I I DIF: CognitiveLevel: Remembering I I I




5. WhichcAMP-mediatedresponseisrelatedtoantidiuretichormone?
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a. Increasedheart rate andforceof contraction I I I I I I




b. Secretionofcortisol I I




c. Increasedretentionofwater I I I




d. Breakdownoffat I I




ANS: C I




Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes I I I I I I I I I I I I




increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH.
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Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
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PTS: 1 I I DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering I I I




6. Duringwhich phase ofthecell cycleis DNA synthesized? I I I I I I I I I




a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: B I




The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period
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between the M phase(M =mitosis) and the start ofDNAsynthesis; (2)theS phase (S
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=synthesis), duringwhich DNAis synthesized inthecell nucleus; (3)the G2 phase, during which
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RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the
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next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
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PTS: 1 I I DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering I I




7. Whatorganiccompoundfacilitatestransportationacrosscellmembranesbyactingas
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receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
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a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C I




Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for
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electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the “glue” holding cell
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membranestogether.Proteasescausethebreakdownofprotein.Carbohydratesareinvolvedin
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cellular protection and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
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PTS: 1 I I DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering I I




8. Understandingthevarious stepsof proteolytic cascades maybeuseful in designingdrug I I I I I I I I I I I I




I therapy for which human diseases? I I I I




a. Cardiacandvasculardisorders I I I




b. Autoimmuneandmalignant disorders I I I




c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders I I I




d. Endocrineandgastrointestinaldisorders I I I




ANS: B I




Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug I I I I I I I I I I I I




interventions.Dysregulationofproteasesfeatures prominentlyinmanyhumandiseases,
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including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular,
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gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
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PTS: 1 I I DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering I I




9. Whichstructurepreventswater-solublemoleculesfromenteringcellsacross theplasma
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I membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains I




b. Glycoprotein channels I




c. Membrane channel proteins I I




d. Lipidbilayer I




ANS: D I




Thebilayer’sstructureaccounts foroneofthe essential functionsoftheplasmamembrane. It is
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impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the
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water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to
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the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such
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as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily.
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Carbohydratechains,glycoproteinchannels,andmembranechannelproteinsdonotprevent I I I I I I I I I I




water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the cell membrane.
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PTS: 1 I I DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering I I




10. Astudent asks foran explanation ofthe absolute refractoryperiod of theaction potential.
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What response by the professor is best?
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a. Astronger than normal impulse will evoke anotherresponse.
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b. Nostimulus is able to evokeanother response at this time.
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c. Multiplestimuli canproducemorerapid action potentials. I I I I I I I




d. Thehyperpolarizedstatemeans aweakerstimulus produces aresponse.
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ANS: B I




During the absolute refractory state of the action potential, no stimulus is able to evoke another
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responsefrom thecell. A stronger thannormal impulse maygenerate aresponse in the relative
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refractoryperiod. This period of time is not related to the number of stimuli. A hyperpolarized
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state means astronger thannormal stimulus would beneeded to generate a response.
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PTS: 1 I I DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering I I




11. Whichform ofcell communication is used tocommunicatewithin thecell itselfand with other
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I cells in direct physical contact?
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a. Proteinchannel (gapjunction) I I I




b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules I I I




c. Hormonesecretionsuchasneurotransmitters I I I I




d. Extracellular chemical messengers such as ligands I I I I I