CERTIFIED WILDFIRE MITIGATION
SPECIALIST FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS || ALREADY
GRADED A+<RECENT VERSION>
Accessory structures - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document all
attached accessory structures as part of the primary structure.
Combustible materials near structure - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall
document areas next to or under a structure where combustible materials that
present a source of flame exposure might collect.
4.2.4.1 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document all vegetative fuels
and other combustible materials adjacent to and within 30 ft (9 m) of the structure
for their potential to contribute to the intensity and spread of wildland fire.
4.2.4.2 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document the presence and
location of all heat and flame sources within 30 ft (9 m) of the primary structure.
4.2.4.3 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document all projections
attached to the primary structure.
4.2.4.4 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document detached structures
within 30 ft (9 m) of the primary structure that might be ignited by flames, radiant
heat, or firebrands from wildland fires.
, 4.2.4.5 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document vehicle parking
areas within 30 ft (9 m) of any surface of the structure.
4.2.5.1 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document vegetation within
the area between the outer edge of the immediate landscaped area and the extent of
the structure ignition zone as potential fuel that can convey the fire to the structure.
4.2.5.2 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document the species and
location of trees and the separation of tree crowns within the area between the
outer edge of the immediate landscaped area and the extent of the structure ignition
zone.
4.2.5.3 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document the presence and
location of all heat and flame sources within the area between the outer edge of the
immediate landscaped area and the extent of the structure ignition zone.
4.2.5.4 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document detached structures
within the area between the outer edge of the immediate landscaped area and the
extent of the structure ignition zone that might be ignited by flames, radiant heat,
or firebrands from wildland fires.
4.2.5.5 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document vehicle parking
areas within the area between the outer edges of the immediate landscaped area
and the extent of the structure ignition zone.
4.2.5.6 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document all projections
attached to the primary structure that extend beyond the immediate landscaped
area.
4.2.5.7 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document all other factors
that can affect the risk of ignition or the spread of wildland fire on improved
property within the structure ignition zone, including the risk of structure fires
spreading to vegetation.
4.2.5.8 - ANSWER✔ Any structure that fails to comply with the requirements of
Chapter 5 shall be deemed to increase the risk of the spread of wildland fire to
improved property and the risk of fires on improved property spreading to wildland
fuels.
, Roof Gutters - ANSWER✔ Roof gutters, downspouts, and connectors shall be
noncombustible, and roof gutters shall be covered with an approved
noncombustible means to minimize the accumulation of debris.
Projections - ANSWER✔ All projections (exterior balconies, carports, decks,
patio covers, unenclosed roofs and floors, and similar architectural appendages and
projections) shall be constructed of heavy timber, noncombustible material,
exterior fire-retardant-treated wood, or ignition-resistant materials.
Direct convective lifting - ANSWER✔ Fire produces hot gases that rise into the
atmosphere. During a wildfire, this atmospheric effect can be very strong, even
causing its own wind as cooler air rushes in to replace the rising hot air.
These air currents can lift burning materials or embers. Winds can carry embers
horizontally for long distances
Indirect convective lifting - ANSWER✔ Hot air and gasses can dry and preheat
vegetation and structure, making them more susceptible to ignition as the fire gets
closer
What aspect of slope has the least amount of vegetation? - ANSWER✔ South
facing as they tend to be hotter and drier
What aspect of slope has the highest fire hazard? - ANSWER✔ Southwest facing
What aspect of slopes has the highest density of vegetation? - ANSWER✔ North
facing as they have more water available
Valleys and fire behavior - ANSWER✔ They tend to collect and concentrate more
wind, which means that the intensity of fire can increase
Canyons and fire behavior - ANSWER✔ These collect and concentrate wind very
extremely
Ridges and fire behavior - ANSWER✔ Experience more wind because they are
elevated above the surrounding land. Fires gather speed and intensity as they move
up.
, Usually offer no protection from fire.
Saddles and fire behavior - ANSWER✔ Natural pathways. Fire often travels first
and with increased intensity along these areas.
Leeward eddy - ANSWER✔ Wind rolls around and comes up the other side,
exposing both sides of a structure to wind and fire.
Examples of natural features that reduce fire behavior - ANSWER✔ Natural rock
outcroppings
Wetlands
Streams
Lakes
Deciduous tree stands (aspen/cottonwoods)
Defensible space - ANSWER✔ An area where material capable of allowing a fire
to spread is modified to slow the rate and intensity of an advancing wildfire.
How do saddles and chimneys affect wildfire behavior? - ANSWER✔ They both
funnel winds and increase spread and intensity
What are the three heat transfer mechanisms from a wildfire? - ANSWER✔
Radiant heating
Direct flame contact
Convective lifting
Radiant heat and ignition - ANSWER✔ Heat that radiates outward from a source
Makes structures more susceptible to ignition from another source
Fire behavior and ignition of fuels: heat transfer mechanisms - ANSWER✔ As
fuels burn, they release hot gas in the form of flames and smoke. These gases rise
and move with the wind. They also heat fuels in which they come in contact,
bringing those fuels closer to their ignition point. Fires also produce a large amount
of radiant energy, which heats surrounding fuels. This then accelerates the rate at
which fire moves and increases the intensity.
Direct Flame Contact and ignition - ANSWER✔ Coming in contact with a
flammable portion of the structure can cause ignition
SPECIALIST FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS || ALREADY
GRADED A+<RECENT VERSION>
Accessory structures - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document all
attached accessory structures as part of the primary structure.
Combustible materials near structure - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall
document areas next to or under a structure where combustible materials that
present a source of flame exposure might collect.
4.2.4.1 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document all vegetative fuels
and other combustible materials adjacent to and within 30 ft (9 m) of the structure
for their potential to contribute to the intensity and spread of wildland fire.
4.2.4.2 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document the presence and
location of all heat and flame sources within 30 ft (9 m) of the primary structure.
4.2.4.3 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document all projections
attached to the primary structure.
4.2.4.4 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document detached structures
within 30 ft (9 m) of the primary structure that might be ignited by flames, radiant
heat, or firebrands from wildland fires.
, 4.2.4.5 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document vehicle parking
areas within 30 ft (9 m) of any surface of the structure.
4.2.5.1 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document vegetation within
the area between the outer edge of the immediate landscaped area and the extent of
the structure ignition zone as potential fuel that can convey the fire to the structure.
4.2.5.2 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document the species and
location of trees and the separation of tree crowns within the area between the
outer edge of the immediate landscaped area and the extent of the structure ignition
zone.
4.2.5.3 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document the presence and
location of all heat and flame sources within the area between the outer edge of the
immediate landscaped area and the extent of the structure ignition zone.
4.2.5.4 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document detached structures
within the area between the outer edge of the immediate landscaped area and the
extent of the structure ignition zone that might be ignited by flames, radiant heat,
or firebrands from wildland fires.
4.2.5.5 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document vehicle parking
areas within the area between the outer edges of the immediate landscaped area
and the extent of the structure ignition zone.
4.2.5.6 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document all projections
attached to the primary structure that extend beyond the immediate landscaped
area.
4.2.5.7 - ANSWER✔ The structure assessment shall document all other factors
that can affect the risk of ignition or the spread of wildland fire on improved
property within the structure ignition zone, including the risk of structure fires
spreading to vegetation.
4.2.5.8 - ANSWER✔ Any structure that fails to comply with the requirements of
Chapter 5 shall be deemed to increase the risk of the spread of wildland fire to
improved property and the risk of fires on improved property spreading to wildland
fuels.
, Roof Gutters - ANSWER✔ Roof gutters, downspouts, and connectors shall be
noncombustible, and roof gutters shall be covered with an approved
noncombustible means to minimize the accumulation of debris.
Projections - ANSWER✔ All projections (exterior balconies, carports, decks,
patio covers, unenclosed roofs and floors, and similar architectural appendages and
projections) shall be constructed of heavy timber, noncombustible material,
exterior fire-retardant-treated wood, or ignition-resistant materials.
Direct convective lifting - ANSWER✔ Fire produces hot gases that rise into the
atmosphere. During a wildfire, this atmospheric effect can be very strong, even
causing its own wind as cooler air rushes in to replace the rising hot air.
These air currents can lift burning materials or embers. Winds can carry embers
horizontally for long distances
Indirect convective lifting - ANSWER✔ Hot air and gasses can dry and preheat
vegetation and structure, making them more susceptible to ignition as the fire gets
closer
What aspect of slope has the least amount of vegetation? - ANSWER✔ South
facing as they tend to be hotter and drier
What aspect of slope has the highest fire hazard? - ANSWER✔ Southwest facing
What aspect of slopes has the highest density of vegetation? - ANSWER✔ North
facing as they have more water available
Valleys and fire behavior - ANSWER✔ They tend to collect and concentrate more
wind, which means that the intensity of fire can increase
Canyons and fire behavior - ANSWER✔ These collect and concentrate wind very
extremely
Ridges and fire behavior - ANSWER✔ Experience more wind because they are
elevated above the surrounding land. Fires gather speed and intensity as they move
up.
, Usually offer no protection from fire.
Saddles and fire behavior - ANSWER✔ Natural pathways. Fire often travels first
and with increased intensity along these areas.
Leeward eddy - ANSWER✔ Wind rolls around and comes up the other side,
exposing both sides of a structure to wind and fire.
Examples of natural features that reduce fire behavior - ANSWER✔ Natural rock
outcroppings
Wetlands
Streams
Lakes
Deciduous tree stands (aspen/cottonwoods)
Defensible space - ANSWER✔ An area where material capable of allowing a fire
to spread is modified to slow the rate and intensity of an advancing wildfire.
How do saddles and chimneys affect wildfire behavior? - ANSWER✔ They both
funnel winds and increase spread and intensity
What are the three heat transfer mechanisms from a wildfire? - ANSWER✔
Radiant heating
Direct flame contact
Convective lifting
Radiant heat and ignition - ANSWER✔ Heat that radiates outward from a source
Makes structures more susceptible to ignition from another source
Fire behavior and ignition of fuels: heat transfer mechanisms - ANSWER✔ As
fuels burn, they release hot gas in the form of flames and smoke. These gases rise
and move with the wind. They also heat fuels in which they come in contact,
bringing those fuels closer to their ignition point. Fires also produce a large amount
of radiant energy, which heats surrounding fuels. This then accelerates the rate at
which fire moves and increases the intensity.
Direct Flame Contact and ignition - ANSWER✔ Coming in contact with a
flammable portion of the structure can cause ignition
