NUR 160 Exam 2, HONDROS | Verified study | Questions
and Answers | 2026 study Updates | 100% correct
Hypokalemia and lasix - ANSWER- If pt is Hypokalemic, report to RN before giving Lasix
Hypervolemia Causes - ANSWER- CKD, liver disease, cirrhosis, CHF, increased salt intake,
COPD
Hypervolemia Signs and symptoms - ANSWER- Headache, Confusion, Nausea, Vomiting,
Coma
Hypovolemia Causes - ANSWER- Vomiting, DM, fever, heat exposure, exercise, no water
access, significant injury to skin
Moat accurate assessment of water balance - ANSWER- daily weights in similar clothing,
same scale, same time- plus or minus 2 lbs per day, plus or minus 5 lbs a week
Potassium (K+) - ANSWER- 3.5-5
Hyperkalemia causes - ANSWER- AKD, CKD, severe injuries, supplementation
Hyperkalemia signs and symptoms - ANSWER- muscle fatigue, weakness, arrhythmia,
irritability, Nausea, death
Hypokalemia causes - ANSWER- diuretics. Diarrhea, excessive sweating, laxatives,
ketoacidosis, alcohol abuse
Hypokalemia signs and symptoms - ANSWER- muscle cramps, abdominal distention,
constipation, arrhythmia
Renal Pt Diet - ANSWER- low potassium-no potatoes, oranges, bananas, leafy green
veggies, apples, avocados
Sodium (Na+) - ANSWER- 135-145
Hypernatremia Causes - ANSWER- too much salt, rapid infusion of saline, antacids,
increased dairy consumption
Hypernatremia signs and symptoms - ANSWER- decreased urinary output, firm rubbery
tissue turgor, restlessness, agitation, confusion, flushed skin
, Hyponatremia Causes - ANSWER- Diarrhea, gastric suctioning, sweating, Vomiting, low
sodium intake, burns, edema/ascites, small bowel obstruction
Hyponatremia signs and symptoms - ANSWER- muscle weakness, fatigue, Headache,
restlessness, irritability, hypotension, Nausea, vomiting
Magnesium (MG+) - ANSWER- 1.5-2.5
Hypermagnesemia Causes - ANSWER- Tums, CKD, diabetic ketoacidosis
Hypermagnesemia signs and symptoms - ANSWER- weakness, hypotension, Vomiting,
Nausea, coma, death
Hypomagnesemia Causes - ANSWER- alcoholism, decreased intake of vitamin D, poor
absorption
Hypomagnesemia Signs and symptoms - ANSWER- seizures, Increased DTR, arrhthmias,
agitation, Nausea, vomiting
Alcoholics-precautions - ANSWER- All alcoholics go in seizure precautions
Calcium (Ca+) - ANSWER- 8-10
Hypercalcemia causes - ANSWER- supplements, calcium, immobilization, antacid,
parathyroidism
Hypercalcemia signs and symptoms - ANSWER- anorexia, N,V, decreased DTR, confusion,
coma, constipation, kidney stones
Hypocalcemia Causes - ANSWER- decreased calcium and Vit D, Diarrhea, diuretics,
alcoholism, malabsorption, burns
Hypocalcemia signs and symptoms - ANSWER- irritanility, osteoporosis, N,V,D, increase
dDTR, arrhtymtias, +Trousseau sign, +Chvostek sign
Trousseau sign - ANSWER- BP
Chvostek sign - ANSWER- cheek
Heparin - ANSWER- PTT
Coumadin - ANSWER- PT/INR
PH (acidosis,alkalosis) - ANSWER- 7.35-7.45
and Answers | 2026 study Updates | 100% correct
Hypokalemia and lasix - ANSWER- If pt is Hypokalemic, report to RN before giving Lasix
Hypervolemia Causes - ANSWER- CKD, liver disease, cirrhosis, CHF, increased salt intake,
COPD
Hypervolemia Signs and symptoms - ANSWER- Headache, Confusion, Nausea, Vomiting,
Coma
Hypovolemia Causes - ANSWER- Vomiting, DM, fever, heat exposure, exercise, no water
access, significant injury to skin
Moat accurate assessment of water balance - ANSWER- daily weights in similar clothing,
same scale, same time- plus or minus 2 lbs per day, plus or minus 5 lbs a week
Potassium (K+) - ANSWER- 3.5-5
Hyperkalemia causes - ANSWER- AKD, CKD, severe injuries, supplementation
Hyperkalemia signs and symptoms - ANSWER- muscle fatigue, weakness, arrhythmia,
irritability, Nausea, death
Hypokalemia causes - ANSWER- diuretics. Diarrhea, excessive sweating, laxatives,
ketoacidosis, alcohol abuse
Hypokalemia signs and symptoms - ANSWER- muscle cramps, abdominal distention,
constipation, arrhythmia
Renal Pt Diet - ANSWER- low potassium-no potatoes, oranges, bananas, leafy green
veggies, apples, avocados
Sodium (Na+) - ANSWER- 135-145
Hypernatremia Causes - ANSWER- too much salt, rapid infusion of saline, antacids,
increased dairy consumption
Hypernatremia signs and symptoms - ANSWER- decreased urinary output, firm rubbery
tissue turgor, restlessness, agitation, confusion, flushed skin
, Hyponatremia Causes - ANSWER- Diarrhea, gastric suctioning, sweating, Vomiting, low
sodium intake, burns, edema/ascites, small bowel obstruction
Hyponatremia signs and symptoms - ANSWER- muscle weakness, fatigue, Headache,
restlessness, irritability, hypotension, Nausea, vomiting
Magnesium (MG+) - ANSWER- 1.5-2.5
Hypermagnesemia Causes - ANSWER- Tums, CKD, diabetic ketoacidosis
Hypermagnesemia signs and symptoms - ANSWER- weakness, hypotension, Vomiting,
Nausea, coma, death
Hypomagnesemia Causes - ANSWER- alcoholism, decreased intake of vitamin D, poor
absorption
Hypomagnesemia Signs and symptoms - ANSWER- seizures, Increased DTR, arrhthmias,
agitation, Nausea, vomiting
Alcoholics-precautions - ANSWER- All alcoholics go in seizure precautions
Calcium (Ca+) - ANSWER- 8-10
Hypercalcemia causes - ANSWER- supplements, calcium, immobilization, antacid,
parathyroidism
Hypercalcemia signs and symptoms - ANSWER- anorexia, N,V, decreased DTR, confusion,
coma, constipation, kidney stones
Hypocalcemia Causes - ANSWER- decreased calcium and Vit D, Diarrhea, diuretics,
alcoholism, malabsorption, burns
Hypocalcemia signs and symptoms - ANSWER- irritanility, osteoporosis, N,V,D, increase
dDTR, arrhtymtias, +Trousseau sign, +Chvostek sign
Trousseau sign - ANSWER- BP
Chvostek sign - ANSWER- cheek
Heparin - ANSWER- PTT
Coumadin - ANSWER- PT/INR
PH (acidosis,alkalosis) - ANSWER- 7.35-7.45
