CMN 574 MSK Exam with precise detailed answers ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what is torticollis? - correct answer✔✔- chin rotates to the opposite side of the spasm while
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
head tilts towards the spams
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- often caused by damaged SCM muscle of other disease process
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
tx for torticollis - correct answer✔✔- passive stretching
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what limbs most commonly have congenital deformities? - correct answer✔✔- upper limbs
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
when are children typically fitted for prosthesis? - correct answer✔✔- upper extremities:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
6mo
- lower extremities: 12mo
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what is metatarsus adductus? - correct answer✔✔- congenital deformity of the foot where
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
there is inward deviation of the forefoot
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- due to positioning in the uterus
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what does a vertical crease in the medial aspect of the arch represent? - correct answer✔✔-
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
rigid metatarsus adductus deformity
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
metatarsus adductus may be associated with what other condition? - correct answer✔✔- hip ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
dysplasia
||\\//||
what is talipes equinovarus? - correct answer✔✔- clubfoot
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- the foot is plantarflexed (toes pointed downward), inverted (soles face inward), and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
adducted (forefoot turns towards the midline) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,what gender has a higher incidence of talipes equinovarus? - correct answer✔✔- boys have
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
a 50% higher chance
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what is the tx for talipes equinovarus? - correct answer✔✔ponsetti technique, which
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
involves:
- manipulation of foot/tissue
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- serial casting with night brace for longterm management
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
definition of hip dysplasia - correct answer✔✔- abnormality between the femur and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
acetabulum
definition of dislocated hip - correct answer✔✔- femoral head is not in contact with
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
acetabulum
definition of subluxatable hip - correct answer✔✔- femoral head may be displaced with
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
movement
which hip is more likely to have dysplasia? - correct answer✔✔- left hip
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what is the ortalani sign? - correct answer✔✔- to diagnose hip dysplasia
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- abduct the greater trochanter while lifting the femoral head anteriorly
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- if you hear a clunk (femoral head slipping back into socket), that is a positive test
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what is barlow sign? - correct answer✔✔- to diagnose hip dysplasia
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- adduct the medial side of the thigh, listen for a clunk as the femoral head pops out of joint
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, what imaging should be done for hip dysplasia? - correct answer✔✔- US in newborns
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
younger than 6wk, as they provide more information than plain films ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- use plain films on infants older than 6wks, as they are more helpful at this time
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
signs of hip dysplasia in children old enough to walk - correct answer✔✔- painless limp
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- trendelenberg sign: dip in pelvis when standing on affected leg due to weakness in gluteal
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
muscle
treatment for hip dysplasia - correct answer✔✔- pavlik harness for up to the first 4mo of life ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
(places hips in flexed, adducted position)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- surgical intervention
||\\//|| ||\\//||
what is a slipped capital femoral epiphysis? - correct answer✔✔- The growth plate becomes
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
weak and allows the femoral head to slip posteriorly and inferiorly relative to the femoral
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
neck.
- The epiphysis stays in the socket, but the neck and shaft displace forward.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- insidious onset and associated with rapid growth
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- EMERGENCY/IMMEDIATE ORTHO EVAL/ NO WEIGHT-BEARING
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
how do patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis present? - correct answer✔✔-
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
typically in children 11-16yrs, more commonly in males ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- present with groin, thigh, or knee pain
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- often accompanied by a limp
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- pain with ROM
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
how to tell the difference between marfans syndrome and gigantism - correct answer✔✔-
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
marfans occurs after puberty, most commonly in the 4th or 5th decade ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- gigantism occurs before puberty
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what is torticollis? - correct answer✔✔- chin rotates to the opposite side of the spasm while
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
head tilts towards the spams
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- often caused by damaged SCM muscle of other disease process
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
tx for torticollis - correct answer✔✔- passive stretching
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what limbs most commonly have congenital deformities? - correct answer✔✔- upper limbs
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
when are children typically fitted for prosthesis? - correct answer✔✔- upper extremities:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
6mo
- lower extremities: 12mo
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what is metatarsus adductus? - correct answer✔✔- congenital deformity of the foot where
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
there is inward deviation of the forefoot
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- due to positioning in the uterus
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what does a vertical crease in the medial aspect of the arch represent? - correct answer✔✔-
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
rigid metatarsus adductus deformity
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
metatarsus adductus may be associated with what other condition? - correct answer✔✔- hip ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
dysplasia
||\\//||
what is talipes equinovarus? - correct answer✔✔- clubfoot
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- the foot is plantarflexed (toes pointed downward), inverted (soles face inward), and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
adducted (forefoot turns towards the midline) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,what gender has a higher incidence of talipes equinovarus? - correct answer✔✔- boys have
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
a 50% higher chance
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what is the tx for talipes equinovarus? - correct answer✔✔ponsetti technique, which
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
involves:
- manipulation of foot/tissue
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- serial casting with night brace for longterm management
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
definition of hip dysplasia - correct answer✔✔- abnormality between the femur and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
acetabulum
definition of dislocated hip - correct answer✔✔- femoral head is not in contact with
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
acetabulum
definition of subluxatable hip - correct answer✔✔- femoral head may be displaced with
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
movement
which hip is more likely to have dysplasia? - correct answer✔✔- left hip
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what is the ortalani sign? - correct answer✔✔- to diagnose hip dysplasia
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- abduct the greater trochanter while lifting the femoral head anteriorly
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- if you hear a clunk (femoral head slipping back into socket), that is a positive test
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what is barlow sign? - correct answer✔✔- to diagnose hip dysplasia
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- adduct the medial side of the thigh, listen for a clunk as the femoral head pops out of joint
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, what imaging should be done for hip dysplasia? - correct answer✔✔- US in newborns
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
younger than 6wk, as they provide more information than plain films ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- use plain films on infants older than 6wks, as they are more helpful at this time
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
signs of hip dysplasia in children old enough to walk - correct answer✔✔- painless limp
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- trendelenberg sign: dip in pelvis when standing on affected leg due to weakness in gluteal
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
muscle
treatment for hip dysplasia - correct answer✔✔- pavlik harness for up to the first 4mo of life ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
(places hips in flexed, adducted position)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- surgical intervention
||\\//|| ||\\//||
what is a slipped capital femoral epiphysis? - correct answer✔✔- The growth plate becomes
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
weak and allows the femoral head to slip posteriorly and inferiorly relative to the femoral
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
neck.
- The epiphysis stays in the socket, but the neck and shaft displace forward.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- insidious onset and associated with rapid growth
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- EMERGENCY/IMMEDIATE ORTHO EVAL/ NO WEIGHT-BEARING
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
how do patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis present? - correct answer✔✔-
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
typically in children 11-16yrs, more commonly in males ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- present with groin, thigh, or knee pain
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- often accompanied by a limp
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- pain with ROM
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
how to tell the difference between marfans syndrome and gigantism - correct answer✔✔-
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
marfans occurs after puberty, most commonly in the 4th or 5th decade ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- gigantism occurs before puberty
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
