Patho Hesi Review Questions and answers
2026\2027 A+ Grade
A dissecting aneurysm is dangerous due to the fact that there is a tear in which layer of the vessel wall?
Inner, middle, outer.
- correct answer medial layer- allows blood to seep into the middle layer
A Pulmonary embolus can cause what kind of shock?
- correct answer obstructive shock
A patient has type II diabetes, what symptoms should he expect? Select all that apply
A. Extreme Hunger
B. Excessive thirst
C. Polyuria
D. Salt craving
E. Quick accumulation of fat
- correct answer A, B, C
Stenosis of the tricuspid valve would lead to what?
A. left sided heart failure
B. Right sided heart failure
C. Pulmonary regurgitation
D. pulmonary stenosis
- correct answer B- because the tricuspid valve is located on the right side
#1 sign of right heart failure
- correct answer peripheral edema and rapid weight gain
,A patient comes into the ER and is shaking and states that she has a sharp pain that's in her upper
stomach going all the way up into her back. Her labs come back and show she is experiencing
hyperglycemia and a high WBC count, what is she most likely experiencing?
A. Diabetes crisis
B. Type II diabetes
C. Cholilithiasis
D. Acute pancreatitis
- correct answer D. Acute pancreatitis: sharp pain that radiates to the back
Pancreatitis can lead to
- correct answer Type 1 diabetes
Which part of the ekg corresponds with atrial depolarization?
- correct answer P wave
It is impossible for ventricular depolarization to occur during which part of the EKG?
- correct answer S-T segment: ventricles have fully depolarized, absolute refractory period
Heart failure due to the heart muscle being underdeveloped and not strong enough to overcome the
afterload would be chronotropic problem, dromotropic problem, or inotropic problem?
- correct answer Inotropic problem= Strength of contraction
chronotropic
- correct answer beats per min
dromotropic
- correct answer rate of electrical conduction through heart
A patient comes in with red lesions on his arms which have a red flare around the border, what is this
most likely?
A. Urticaria
B. Impetigo
C. Dermatitis
, D. Boils
- correct answer A. hives= Red flare around the border (#1 symptom)
A pulse pressure that is 78 would most likely indicate?
A. hypotension
B. hypertension
C. shock
D. TBI
- correct answer D. traumatic brain injury= increased ICP= Cushing's Triad
120-80= what?
- correct answer pulse pressure
Any pulse pressure over 60 is considered
- correct answer widened
The diastolic pressure is measured during what on an ekg?
- correct answer From the T wave (ventricles have stopped beating/contracting) to the beginning of the
R wave (ventricles begin to fully contract)
Heart spends more time in diastolic
Does the sympathetic nervous system increase or decrease the peripheral vascular resistance?
- correct answer increase- because BP increases because of vasoconstriction
A patient is receiving a blood transfusion when he starts stating that he's getting itchy. What is your first
intervention?
A. Stop the transfusion
B. Administer Benadryl IM and monitor for worsening of symptoms
C. Check blood pressure
D. Ask the patient if he's short of breath
- correct answer A. stop the transfusion
2026\2027 A+ Grade
A dissecting aneurysm is dangerous due to the fact that there is a tear in which layer of the vessel wall?
Inner, middle, outer.
- correct answer medial layer- allows blood to seep into the middle layer
A Pulmonary embolus can cause what kind of shock?
- correct answer obstructive shock
A patient has type II diabetes, what symptoms should he expect? Select all that apply
A. Extreme Hunger
B. Excessive thirst
C. Polyuria
D. Salt craving
E. Quick accumulation of fat
- correct answer A, B, C
Stenosis of the tricuspid valve would lead to what?
A. left sided heart failure
B. Right sided heart failure
C. Pulmonary regurgitation
D. pulmonary stenosis
- correct answer B- because the tricuspid valve is located on the right side
#1 sign of right heart failure
- correct answer peripheral edema and rapid weight gain
,A patient comes into the ER and is shaking and states that she has a sharp pain that's in her upper
stomach going all the way up into her back. Her labs come back and show she is experiencing
hyperglycemia and a high WBC count, what is she most likely experiencing?
A. Diabetes crisis
B. Type II diabetes
C. Cholilithiasis
D. Acute pancreatitis
- correct answer D. Acute pancreatitis: sharp pain that radiates to the back
Pancreatitis can lead to
- correct answer Type 1 diabetes
Which part of the ekg corresponds with atrial depolarization?
- correct answer P wave
It is impossible for ventricular depolarization to occur during which part of the EKG?
- correct answer S-T segment: ventricles have fully depolarized, absolute refractory period
Heart failure due to the heart muscle being underdeveloped and not strong enough to overcome the
afterload would be chronotropic problem, dromotropic problem, or inotropic problem?
- correct answer Inotropic problem= Strength of contraction
chronotropic
- correct answer beats per min
dromotropic
- correct answer rate of electrical conduction through heart
A patient comes in with red lesions on his arms which have a red flare around the border, what is this
most likely?
A. Urticaria
B. Impetigo
C. Dermatitis
, D. Boils
- correct answer A. hives= Red flare around the border (#1 symptom)
A pulse pressure that is 78 would most likely indicate?
A. hypotension
B. hypertension
C. shock
D. TBI
- correct answer D. traumatic brain injury= increased ICP= Cushing's Triad
120-80= what?
- correct answer pulse pressure
Any pulse pressure over 60 is considered
- correct answer widened
The diastolic pressure is measured during what on an ekg?
- correct answer From the T wave (ventricles have stopped beating/contracting) to the beginning of the
R wave (ventricles begin to fully contract)
Heart spends more time in diastolic
Does the sympathetic nervous system increase or decrease the peripheral vascular resistance?
- correct answer increase- because BP increases because of vasoconstriction
A patient is receiving a blood transfusion when he starts stating that he's getting itchy. What is your first
intervention?
A. Stop the transfusion
B. Administer Benadryl IM and monitor for worsening of symptoms
C. Check blood pressure
D. Ask the patient if he's short of breath
- correct answer A. stop the transfusion
