PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 4 WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
The three stages of hemostasis include each of the following
except: correct answer vascular dilation
Which of the following medications would decrease a person's risk
for clotting? Select all that apply. correct answer heparin,
warfarin, lovenox
Which of the following is a hypercoagulable state? Select all that
apply. correct answer congestive heart failure, smoking, post-
surgical state
Which of the following is FALSE of disseminated intravascular
coagulation (DIC)? Select all that apply. correct answer lab
results show a decreased PT, PTT
In which of the following ways is blood flow NOT negatively
affected? correct answer low hematocrit
Which of the following increases the strength of the muscular
contraction? correct answer inotropic influence
Which of the following is NOT a regulator of blood pressure?
correct answer parasympathetic nervous system activation
,Which of the following does NOT lead to an increased risk for
DVT? Select all that apply. correct answer non-smoker
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with iron
deficiency anemia? correct answer neurologic changes
What are the two major causes of microcytic anemias? correct
answer iron deficiency anemia, thalassemias
Treatment of or prevention of sickling crisis in sickle cell disease
include each of the following except: correct answer iron
supplementation
A child with homozygous sickle cell disease arrives at the ER. Lab
tests indicate pneumococcal sepsis, a bacterial infection. Imaging
called spleen scintigraphy measures IV administered
radiopharmaceutical tracers present in the tissue, and is used to
assess the size, shape, position, and health of the organ. While
the physician could palpate the patient's spleen, it could not be
visualized by the scintigraphy. What is the likely complication this
patient is experiencing? correct answer functional asplenia
Which of the following is NOT true of vitamin B12 deficiency
anemia? correct answer dietary deficiencies are common
Each of the following are risk factors for secondary hyperlipidemia
except? correct answer autosomal dominant disorder of LDL
receptor
,Lifestyle changes to treat hyperlipidemia include each of the
following except: correct answer increase red meat
consumption
The following are all drug therapies used to treat hyperlipidemia
except: correct answer beta-blockers
The three major determinants of myocardial oxygen demand
(MVO2) include each of the following except: correct answer
diastolic pressure
Fill in the Blank: 2. ______ is the most important factor in
myocardial oxygen demand. As this increases, myocardial oxygen
consumption or demand also increases. correct answer heart
rate
What is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock? correct
answer myocardial infarction
which does NOT occur during cardiogenic shock? correct answer
decreased systemic vascular resistance
1. Explain how ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptive mechanism:
2. What happens during exercise in someone with coronary artery
disease? correct answer 1. An increase in wall stress can be
caused by an increase in preload or afterload. Ventricular
hypertrophy is an adaptive mechanism by which the ventricle can
offset the increase in wall stress. OR Blood pressure elevation
increases the workload of the left ventricle by increasing the
, pressure against which the heart must pump as it ejects blood
into the systemic circulation. Over time, the left ventricle
hypertrophies to compensate for the increased pressure and
work.
2. During exertion, the heart beats harder and faster to supply
oxygen to the muscles. The coronary vessels vasodilate and
increase blood flow to the cardiac muscle to meet its increased
demand for oxygen. With atherosclerotic disease, the coronary
vessel lumens are narrowed and blood supply to the heart is
diminished. With exertion, the vessels cannot adequately
vasodilate. This can manifest as chest pain or tightness and/or
shortness of breath.
1. Hypertension is often called "the silent killer." By the time
symptoms of hypertension occur, the complications can affect the
kidneys, heart, eyes, and blood vessels. What is this term called?
2. Left ventricular hypertrophy is a major risk factor for what
other diseases? Name at least 2. correct answer 1. Target-
organ damage
2. coronary heart disease, cardiac dysrhythmias, congestive heart
failure, and sudden death.
The most common cause of death immediately after the onset of
acute myocardial infarction is: correct answer arrhythmia
A 40-year-old woman is hospitalized with a chronic illness
characterized by hepatomegaly, distended neck veins, and
peripheral edema. Which of the following disorders is the most
100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
The three stages of hemostasis include each of the following
except: correct answer vascular dilation
Which of the following medications would decrease a person's risk
for clotting? Select all that apply. correct answer heparin,
warfarin, lovenox
Which of the following is a hypercoagulable state? Select all that
apply. correct answer congestive heart failure, smoking, post-
surgical state
Which of the following is FALSE of disseminated intravascular
coagulation (DIC)? Select all that apply. correct answer lab
results show a decreased PT, PTT
In which of the following ways is blood flow NOT negatively
affected? correct answer low hematocrit
Which of the following increases the strength of the muscular
contraction? correct answer inotropic influence
Which of the following is NOT a regulator of blood pressure?
correct answer parasympathetic nervous system activation
,Which of the following does NOT lead to an increased risk for
DVT? Select all that apply. correct answer non-smoker
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with iron
deficiency anemia? correct answer neurologic changes
What are the two major causes of microcytic anemias? correct
answer iron deficiency anemia, thalassemias
Treatment of or prevention of sickling crisis in sickle cell disease
include each of the following except: correct answer iron
supplementation
A child with homozygous sickle cell disease arrives at the ER. Lab
tests indicate pneumococcal sepsis, a bacterial infection. Imaging
called spleen scintigraphy measures IV administered
radiopharmaceutical tracers present in the tissue, and is used to
assess the size, shape, position, and health of the organ. While
the physician could palpate the patient's spleen, it could not be
visualized by the scintigraphy. What is the likely complication this
patient is experiencing? correct answer functional asplenia
Which of the following is NOT true of vitamin B12 deficiency
anemia? correct answer dietary deficiencies are common
Each of the following are risk factors for secondary hyperlipidemia
except? correct answer autosomal dominant disorder of LDL
receptor
,Lifestyle changes to treat hyperlipidemia include each of the
following except: correct answer increase red meat
consumption
The following are all drug therapies used to treat hyperlipidemia
except: correct answer beta-blockers
The three major determinants of myocardial oxygen demand
(MVO2) include each of the following except: correct answer
diastolic pressure
Fill in the Blank: 2. ______ is the most important factor in
myocardial oxygen demand. As this increases, myocardial oxygen
consumption or demand also increases. correct answer heart
rate
What is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock? correct
answer myocardial infarction
which does NOT occur during cardiogenic shock? correct answer
decreased systemic vascular resistance
1. Explain how ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptive mechanism:
2. What happens during exercise in someone with coronary artery
disease? correct answer 1. An increase in wall stress can be
caused by an increase in preload or afterload. Ventricular
hypertrophy is an adaptive mechanism by which the ventricle can
offset the increase in wall stress. OR Blood pressure elevation
increases the workload of the left ventricle by increasing the
, pressure against which the heart must pump as it ejects blood
into the systemic circulation. Over time, the left ventricle
hypertrophies to compensate for the increased pressure and
work.
2. During exertion, the heart beats harder and faster to supply
oxygen to the muscles. The coronary vessels vasodilate and
increase blood flow to the cardiac muscle to meet its increased
demand for oxygen. With atherosclerotic disease, the coronary
vessel lumens are narrowed and blood supply to the heart is
diminished. With exertion, the vessels cannot adequately
vasodilate. This can manifest as chest pain or tightness and/or
shortness of breath.
1. Hypertension is often called "the silent killer." By the time
symptoms of hypertension occur, the complications can affect the
kidneys, heart, eyes, and blood vessels. What is this term called?
2. Left ventricular hypertrophy is a major risk factor for what
other diseases? Name at least 2. correct answer 1. Target-
organ damage
2. coronary heart disease, cardiac dysrhythmias, congestive heart
failure, and sudden death.
The most common cause of death immediately after the onset of
acute myocardial infarction is: correct answer arrhythmia
A 40-year-old woman is hospitalized with a chronic illness
characterized by hepatomegaly, distended neck veins, and
peripheral edema. Which of the following disorders is the most
